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Philosophy > Justice & The Good Society > Flashcards

Justice & The Good Society Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘utopia’.

A

The perfect society where there is no negative factors.

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2
Q

Plato described that a perfect society needs to be…

A

Totalitarian and ruled by ‘philosopher kings’.

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3
Q

More’s idea of complete utopia is…

A

An absolute communist society.

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4
Q

Bacon’s idea of a complete utopia is…

A

An institutionalised meritocracy.

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5
Q

Define ‘dystopia’.

A

Imaginary society of great suffering and injustice.

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6
Q

The two infamous and influential dystopian societies are…

A

Orwellian and Huxleyan.

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7
Q

In a Orwellian dystopia, citizens are…

A

Controlled by an absolute totalitarian regime.

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8
Q

In a Huxleyan society, citizens are…

A

‘Drowned in entertainment’, being able to do what they want.

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9
Q

The main social factors that need the right balancing in a society are:

A
  • Person as social function VS Person as an individual.
  • Social status VS Equality.
  • Obligations VS Rights.
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10
Q

Define ‘legitimate power’.

A

It is a justified power or authority.

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11
Q

Define ‘tyranny’.

A

Abuse of power.

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12
Q

What are the 4 competing philosophical positions?

A
  • libertarianism.
  • conservatism.
  • communitarianism.
  • authoritarianism.
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13
Q

Define libertarianism.

A

The view that people have the right to be free from any government interference unless it is necessary.

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14
Q

What are the two main views of libertarianism?

A

Anarchism and liberalism.

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15
Q

Anarchism is the…

A

Abolition of any ruling power.

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16
Q

Liberalism emphasises…

A

The positive rights of an individual over the negative ones.

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17
Q

Define conservatism.

A

They value family values, culture and traditional principles & institutions.

18
Q

Define communitarianism.

A

They reject individualism and focus on the stability of societies as a whole.

19
Q

Define authoritarianism.

A

The view that places law and order over personal value.

20
Q

Define ‘free market’.

A

Prices of goods and services are auto-regulated by the forces of supply & demand.

21
Q

Define ‘command economy’.

A

Economic decisions that are made by the government and are then followed as rules.

22
Q

Define ‘left-wing policies’,

A

Seeking to change the rules and traditions of a country.

23
Q

Define ‘right-wing policies’.

A

Keeping a country’s status quo.

24
Q

Define ‘rights’.

A

Claims or entitlement to something.

25
Q

Define ‘duties’.

A

Moral obligations.

26
Q

Define ‘positive rights’.

A

Rights to be helped/supported in some way.

27
Q

Define ‘negative rights’.

A

Acting without interference to anyone.

28
Q

Define ‘distributive justice’.

A

Concerned with the distribution and allocation of benefits, goods, and resources across a society.

29
Q

‘Justice as Equity’ is the philosophical view that…

A

Every individual in a society should get the same amount and kind of material benefits.

30
Q

What is the problem with this viewpoint?

A

Many might need more than others, and some might need less, or something else entirely.

31
Q

‘Merit-based Justice’ is the philosophical view that…

A

Individuals are granted good and services based on their achievements and talents, making it unequal.

32
Q

What is the problem with this viewpoint?

A

‘The rich will get richer and the poor will become poorer’.

33
Q

Rawls disagreed with…

A

Merit-based justice. He considered it a secret plan to allow the rich to get richer and the poor to get poorer.

34
Q

Define the term ‘rags to riches’.

A

People who raise to the top by committing unjust acts.

35
Q

Define the term ‘Veil of Ignorance’.

A

When no one has any idea what life they will lead, allowing a fair chance to all.

36
Q

Define the term ‘Justice as Fairness’.

A

Justice that’s granted based one’s needs.

37
Q

Define ‘retributive justice’.

A

The belief that a wrongdoer should suffer the same consequences they inflicted on others.

38
Q

Define ‘restorative justice’.

A

The wrongdoer must mend their ears and repair the harm they’d caused.

39
Q

What is the problem with restorative justice?

A

Not all victims would be ready to accept or recount what happened to them.

40
Q

What is Welfare Maximisation?

A

Giving wrongdoers some form of punishment due to the pain and suffering they caused.

41
Q

What is Rehabilitation?

A

Giving wrongdoers the help they may need so they can become lawful citizens.

42
Q

Define ‘deterrence’.

A

The punishment of wrong doers needs to be very severe (depending on the crime), as it discourages people from committing the same crimes.

Philosophy (9 decks)

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