JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS Flashcards
consists…in treating equals equally and
unequal unequally and in giving each person his
due.
JUSTICE
THREE CATEGORIES OF JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS
DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
COMPENSATORY JUSTICE:
Concerns the just way in
compensating someone for a past injustice or what
he/she lost when wronged by others.
COMPENSATORY JUSTICE:
involves the fair distribution of
benefits and burdens.
DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
consists in the just imposition of
punishment and penalties on those who do wrong.
RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
Individuals who are similar in all respects relevant
to the kind of treatment in question should be
given similar benefits and burdens even if they are
dissimilar in other irrelevant respects and
individuals who are dissimilar in a relevant respect
ought to be treated dissimilarly in proportion to
their dissimilarity.
DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
THEORIES OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
- Justice as Equality: Egalitarianism
- Justice Based on Contribution: Capitalist Justice
- Justice Based on Needs and Abilities: Socialism
- Justice as Freedom: Libertarianism
- Justice as Fairness: John Rawls
'’Every person should be given exactly equal
shares of a society or a group benefits and burdens.’’
no relevant difference among
people can justify unequal treatment.
JUSTICE AS EQUALITY: EGALITARIANISM
equal participation in, and
treatment by the means of the controlling and
directing the political system.
POLITICAL EQUALITY
equality of income wealth
and opportunity.
ECONOMIC EQUALITY
‘Benefits should be distributed according to the value
of the contribution the individual makes to a society,
a task, a group, or an exchange.’’
JUSTICE BASED ON CONTRIBUTION: CAPITALIST JUSTICE
The harder one works the greater the
share of benefits.
By works effort:
The greater the quantity of a person
contributed product. The more that person should
receive.
Productivity
Dictum ‘‘From each according to his ability, to each
according to his needs” represents the socialist view
on distribution. (already found in Acts 2:45,11:29)
'’Work burdens should be distributed according to
people’s abilities, and benefits should be distributed
according to people’s needs.’’
JUSTICE BASED ON NEEDS AND ABILITIES: SOCIALISM
Simply, ‘‘From each as they choose, to each as
they are chosen.’’ Therefore, wrong to tax one person to
provide benefits for the needs of others.
JUSTICE AS FREEDOM: LIBERTARIANISM
a fair method of resolving conflicts
involving justice.
JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS: JOHN RAWLS
Each citizen liberties must be protected from
invasion by others and must be equal to
those of others.
PRINCIPLE OF EQUAL LIBERTY
‘a productive society will incorporate
inequalities but takes steps to improve the
position of the neediest member of society.’’
DIFFERENCE PRINCIPLE
Everyone should be given an equal
opportunity to quality for the more privileged
position in society’s institutions.”
PRINCIPLE 2B: PRINCIPLE OF FAIR EQUALITY OF
OPPORTUNITY
'’An imaginary meeting of
rational self-interested persons who must choose
the principles of justice by which their society will
be governed.’’
ORIGINAL POSITION
'’The requirement that
persons in the original position must not know
paticulars about themselves which might bias their
choices such as their sex, religion, race, income,
etc.
VEIL OF IGNORANCE
Concerns the “ fairness when blaming or punishing
person for doing wrong.”
RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
Concerns “the fairness when restoring to a person
what the person lost when he or she was wronged by
someone else.”
COMPENSATORY JUSTICE
“From each according to what he chooses to do, to each
according to what he makes for himself (perhaps with
contracted aid of others) and what others choose to do
for him and choose to give him of what they been given
previously (under this maxim) and haven’t yet expended
or transferred.’’
OBERT NOZICK
(parties choose principles they apply
to themselves)
reversibility
(each party has equal say
in choice of principles)
treating people as ends
