JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS

Question 1

consists…in treating equals equally and
unequal unequally and in giving each person his
due.

Answer 1

JUSTICE

Question 2

THREE CATEGORIES OF JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS

Answer 2

DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
COMPENSATORY JUSTICE:

Question 3

Concerns the just way in
compensating someone for a past injustice or what
he/she lost when wronged by others.

Answer 3

COMPENSATORY JUSTICE:

Question 4

involves the fair distribution of
benefits and burdens.

Answer 4

DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

Question 5

consists in the just imposition of
punishment and penalties on those who do wrong.

Answer 5

RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

Question 6

Individuals who are similar in all respects relevant
to the kind of treatment in question should be
given similar benefits and burdens even if they are
dissimilar in other irrelevant respects and
individuals who are dissimilar in a relevant respect
ought to be treated dissimilarly in proportion to
their dissimilarity.

Answer 6

DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

Question 7

THEORIES OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

Answer 7

1. Justice as Equality: Egalitarianism
2. Justice Based on Contribution: Capitalist Justice
3. Justice Based on Needs and Abilities: Socialism
4. Justice as Freedom: Libertarianism
5. Justice as Fairness: John Rawls

Question 8

'’Every person should be given exactly equal
shares of a society or a group benefits and burdens.’’
no relevant difference among
people can justify unequal treatment.

Answer 8

JUSTICE AS EQUALITY: EGALITARIANISM

Question 9

equal participation in, and
treatment by the means of the controlling and
directing the political system.

Answer 9

POLITICAL EQUALITY

Question 10

equality of income wealth
and opportunity.

Answer 10

ECONOMIC EQUALITY

Question 11

‘Benefits should be distributed according to the value
of the contribution the individual makes to a society,
a task, a group, or an exchange.’’

Answer 11

JUSTICE BASED ON CONTRIBUTION: CAPITALIST JUSTICE

Question 12

The harder one works the greater the
share of benefits.

Answer 12

By works effort:

Question 13

The greater the quantity of a person
contributed product. The more that person should
receive.

Answer 13

Productivity

Question 14

Dictum ‘‘From each according to his ability, to each
according to his needs” represents the socialist view
on distribution. (already found in Acts 2:45,11:29)

'’Work burdens should be distributed according to
people’s abilities, and benefits should be distributed
according to people’s needs.’’

Answer 14

JUSTICE BASED ON NEEDS AND ABILITIES: SOCIALISM

Question 15

Simply, ‘‘From each as they choose, to each as
they are chosen.’’ Therefore, wrong to tax one person to
provide benefits for the needs of others.

Answer 15

JUSTICE AS FREEDOM: LIBERTARIANISM

Question 16

a fair method of resolving conflicts
involving justice.

Answer 16

JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS: JOHN RAWLS

Question 17

Each citizen liberties must be protected from
invasion by others and must be equal to
those of others.

Answer 17

PRINCIPLE OF EQUAL LIBERTY

Question 18

‘a productive society will incorporate
inequalities but takes steps to improve the
position of the neediest member of society.’’

Answer 18

DIFFERENCE PRINCIPLE

Question 19

Everyone should be given an equal
opportunity to quality for the more privileged
position in society’s institutions.”

Answer 19

PRINCIPLE 2B: PRINCIPLE OF FAIR EQUALITY OF
OPPORTUNITY

Question 20

'’An imaginary meeting of
rational self-interested persons who must choose
the principles of justice by which their society will
be governed.’’

Answer 20

ORIGINAL POSITION

Question 21

'’The requirement that
persons in the original position must not know
paticulars about themselves which might bias their
choices such as their sex, religion, race, income,
etc.

Answer 21

VEIL OF IGNORANCE

Question 22

Concerns the “ fairness when blaming or punishing
person for doing wrong.”

Answer 22

RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

Question 23

Concerns “the fairness when restoring to a person
what the person lost when he or she was wronged by
someone else.”

Answer 23

COMPENSATORY JUSTICE

Question 24

“From each according to what he chooses to do, to each
according to what he makes for himself (perhaps with
contracted aid of others) and what others choose to do
for him and choose to give him of what they been given
previously (under this maxim) and haven’t yet expended
or transferred.’’

Answer 24

OBERT NOZICK

Question 25

(parties choose principles they apply
to themselves)

Answer 25

reversibility

Question 26

(each party has equal say
in choice of principles)

Answer 26

treating people as ends