Justice Flashcards by Martha Claxton

Sin

An act against the will of God

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Aquinus used to justify capital punishment

Certain contexts change a bad act (killing) into a good act (killing to repair the violation of justice done by the person killed, and killing a person who has forfeited their natural worthiness by killing)

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Crime

An act against the law

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Law

Rules made by parliament and enforceable by the courts

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Justice

Due allocation of reward and punishment, the maintenance of what is right

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Deterrence

The idea that punishments should be of such a nature that they will put people off committing crimes

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Retribution

The idea that punishments should make criminals pay for what they have done wrong

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Reform

The idea that punishments should try to change criminals so that they will not commit crimes again

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Judgement

The act of judging people and their actions

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UK law on capital punishment

It was abolished in the UK in 1973, except in cases of treason
Abolished completely in 1998

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Human rights on capital punishment

Under the European convention on human rights (1999) it was abolished throughout the European Union

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In how many countries was capital punishment used in 2010

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Apostasy

When a Muslim rejects their religion and actively works against it

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Haram

Something that is totally forbidden in Islam

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Catechism drugs

The use of drugs inflicts a very grave damage on human health and life. Their use, except on strictly therapeutic grounds, is a grave offence

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Thomas Hobbes described life without laws in Leviathan

‘No arts, no letters, no society; and what is worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death; and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”

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Why does aquinus say an unjust law is not a proper law 3

if a law is unjust people will feel that it is right to break the law
if some laws are unjust, people may start to think that all laws are unjust
if a law does not give justice to people, people will take the law into their own hands

Aquinus capital punishment for protection

‘It is permissible to kill a criminal if this is necessary for the welfare of the whole community’ -Summa Theologus

US catholic conference capital punishment

‘We cannot teach that killing is wrong by killing’

Tutu not fan of retribution

‘To take a life when a life has been lost is revenge, it is not justice’

How many people have been released from death row with proof of innocence since 1973

Over 130

Article 37 of ‘The 39 Articles
of the Church of England

The Laws of the Realm may punish men with death for heinous and grievous offences.

The United reform church on capital punishment

‘We do not have the right, even in the case of dreadful crimes, to take away life as a punishment’

Addiction

A recurring compulsion to engage in an activity regardless of its bad effects

Responsibility

Being responsible for ones actions

Rehabilitation

Restore to normal life

Qur'an capital punishment is the exception to rule of not killing 2

'Take not life, which God has made sacred, except by way of justice and law' "Whoever killed a human being, except as punishment for murder or other villainy in the land, shall be deemed as though he had killed all mankind'

Shari'ah law permits death penalty for two types of crime

Intentional murder Threatening to undermine authority (Fasad fil-ardh = spreading mischief in the land)

Muhammad on alcohol

'Intoxicants are the mother of all evils. Alcohol is not a medicine but a disease'

Alcohol is used by the devil to make Muslims do wrong things

'Satan stirs up hatred among you by means of wine and gambling... Will you not abstain from them?'

RCC drugs

'The use of drugs inflicts very grave damage on human health and life. Their use, except on strictly therapeutic grounds, is strictly prohibited'

Salvation Army drugs n alcohol

Accepting that alcohol, tobacco and other addictive drugs can be harmful, and can also have consequent effects on individuals, families, and society, members of the Salvation Army freely and willingly abstain from the use of these substances in their own lives

RCC social justice

'Rich nations have a moral responsibility towards those less fortunate'

Christianity judging others

'Do not judge others, so that God will not judge you, for God will judge you in the same way as you judge others and he will apply to you the same rules you apply to others'

Christians should judge others fairly quote

'Do not pervert justice; do not show partiality to the poor or favouritism to the great, but judge your neighbour fairly'

Qur'an justice comes first and is for all

'Stand up firmly for justice, as a witness to God, even as against yourselves or your parents or your kin, and whether it be against rich or poor'

Specific deterrence

Punishes an offender to dissuade that offender from committing crimes in the future

General deterrence

Uses the person sentenced for the crime as an example to induce the general public to refrain from criminal conduct

Sanctity of life makes murder a serious enough crime to justify capital punishment

"If anyone takes human life, they will be punished... Human beings are made like god, so whoever murders one of them will be killed by someone else"

Jubilee 2000 campaign

Persuaded the governments of rich countries to cancel the debts of poor countries as they believed it was unjust to force poor countries to pay up to 80% of their income in interest payments on the debts they accumulated in the 1980s

Social justice

Making sure everyone has equal rights and opportunities, the weak and vulnerable are not oppressed and the strong and powerful don't take advantage