Justice Flashcards
What are the three kinds of justice
Retributive, Compensatory, and Distributive
Focuses on blaming and punishing those who have done wrong
Retributive
Focuses on restoring to a person what. she lost when she was wronged
Compensatory
Focuses on how society’s benefits and burdens should be allocated
Distributive
Allocate Benefits and burdens to people in equal portions (All people are equal in a fundamental respect)
Egalitarianism
What are the criticism of Egalitarianism
Ignores need, ability, and effort
What are the counterarguments of Egalitarianism
Political Equality and Economic Equality
Distribute benefits in proportion to what each individual contributes
Capitalism
The more you contribute, the more you get
Capitalism
Value of contribution measured by effort, production, and market value
Capitalism
What are the criticism of Capitalism
Fails to consider need
From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs
Socialism
Distribute work based on ability
Socialism
Distribute goods based on needs
Socialism
What are the criticism of Socialism
Who decides what my abilities are, and what if I don’t like what they decide? What is my incentive?
Distribution of benefits and burdens is just if it results from individuals freely choosing to exchange with each other the goods each person already owns
Libertarianism
People should be allowed to keep everything they make and everything they are freely given
Libertarianism
Wrong to take one person’s property and distribute it to someone else
Libertarianism
What are the criticism of Libertarianism
Places freedom from coercion above other important freedoms
What is Rawls was to determine the adequacy of moral principles in a fair way?
Original Position and Veil of Ignorance
What is Original Position
An imaginary meeting of rational self-interested persons who must choose the principles of justice by which their society will be governed
What is Veil of Ignorance
The requirement that a person in the original position must not know particulars about themselves which might bias their choices
What are the parts of Rawls justice
Equal Liberty, Equal opportunity, and Difference Principle
What is Equal Liberty
Each citizen’s liberties are protected from invasion by others and are equal to others
What is Equal Opportunity
Everyone should be given an equal opportunity to qualify for privileged positions
What is difference principle
We acknowledge inequalities, but they are just ONLY to the extent they work to the advantage of the least well-off members of society
