Just basic ict Flashcards
cache
Highspeed semiconductor memory
holds the data and programs accessed most frequently
acts as a buffer between CPU and main memory
level 1- in the CPU. less storage fast
level 2- inside and out
level 3- out
Main memory
holds instructions which the computer currently is working on
volatile
limited capacity
Secondary memory
external, non volatile memory
slower than main’
has more capacity
not accessed directly by CPU but through I/O
GPU
designed to rapidly manipulate memory to access image creation
proprietary
developed and owned by the owners or a company. no source code
open source
owned by developers who have source codes distributed
bespoke
customized softwares
generic
ready made softwares
Visual display two types
Cathode ray tube
flat panel display-
LED- thinner
less power
high contrast ratio
LCD- liquid crystalThe microprocessor
The CPU of the computer
a semiconductor chip that performs fetch, decode and execute cycle
RAM
Holds instructions to process data can access any memory cell randomly volatile- needs power DRAM and SRAM Capacity in GIGABYTES speed in MEGAHERTZ
ransomware
threatening to publish victims personal data and blocking access till paid
spyware
entering a computer and gathering sensitive information in order to forward it to a third party
firmware
non volatile embed system which is mostly permanently attached to the computer. Instructions of it tells electronic devices how to operate.
eg: ROM, BIOS
embedded systems- traffic lights, digital watches
Analog computers
handles continuous values- hydraulic, electrical, mechanical
not discrete
continuous nature
Digital computers
performs calculations and logical operations with quantities expressed as “digits”
Runs through electronic signals
Based on size computers
super computers- needs a lot of computing power, fast, powerful, special purpose
mainframe computers- used by many users simultaneously, hosts missions
payroll, inventory control
Mini computers- midsized, for businesses and scientific work
CPU/processor
responsible in interpreting most commands and basic instructions
it performs basic arithmetic and logical operations
and instruct/command other computer devices to perform their tasks
A program has a set of basic instructions. The processor access this stored memory and follows the commands
Advantages of a multi core processor
Can divide the tasks
enables parallel programming
high performance even from a single machine
File transfer methods
FTP
email
Cloud computing
Cloud computing
A service provided through a network or the internet for storage, application and infrastructure which is present at a remote location
IAAS
Provides a virtual machine which an OS could be installed to. This is also known as network architecture
PAAS
provides an operating system to be installed into a virtual platform where applications could be run, developed and supported.
SAAS
Accessing software without the browsers, which the service provider would install beforehand
Automatic Data processing used in
Emergency broadcast services
War situation enabling
auto security updates
SRAM
used for cache and registers
Has transistors- As long as power is on data can be stored for an infinite time
No need of refreshing circuitry
More power and more heat
more of an expense
Access time is less- fast
but less storage- fewer units per area in memory
DRAM
Uses capacitors Used for main memory needs refreshing circuitry to maintain the charge of the capacitors less expensive access time is more- slow needs les power so evolves less heat more units per area in memory
Registers
A small set of data holding places in the CPU
It accepts and stores data and instruction which are immediately executed from the CPU
provides operands to the ALU
high place in the memory hierarchy
