Jurisprudence Flashcards
The Personal Interest Test
Am I receiving any personal benefit?
The RD has a personal interest when he/she receives any personal benefit from an action or decision made with respect to clients.
Benefits
can include, but are not limited to, gifts, advantages, discounts, status, rebate, credit and preferential
treatment.
The interest may be monetary or of a moral nature, and could be direct (to the RD) or
indirect (to someone associated with the RD such as a family member or close friend).
The Professional Judgment Test
Will this action compromise my objectivity?
RDs must always
consider whether personal interests are or have the potential to influence their professional objectivity
for or against an action, or a decision about a program, product and/or treatment recommendation
The Improper Influence Test
Am I changing my actions so that I can have the benefit?
A personal interest can improperly influence an RD. It must be something substantial enough that the RD wants
the benefit or wants to avoid the loss that accompanies the interest.
Reasonable Person Test
What would a reasonable person think? Always consider what a colleague
or neutral observer would think of the situation.
Could a reasonable person conclude that the RD is
making a decision that was influenced by personal gain?
Whether or not an RD’s professional judgment is actually compromised does not matter. The fact that a reasonable person might perceive a conflict of interest is enough.
Often a perceived or potential conflict of interest can be as significant
as a real conflict of interest.
DORM Principle
Disclosure: at the earliest opportunity, RDs should disclose the nature of the conflict to the client;
Options: inform the client of his/her alternatives and assist in arranging for alternatives where requested;
Reassurance: reassure clients that choosing another product or service will not affect the quality of the professional services to them;
Modification: making small modifications can remove or greatly reduce the potential for
conflict of interest
Trust+Integrity=
Ethics
Situational Judgment Test
Situational judgement tests tend to determine behavioural tendencies, assessing how a RD will behave in a certain situation, and knowledge potential actions, which evaluates the effectiveness of possible responses.
Agency Shop
An agency shop is a form of union security agreement where the employer may hire union or non-union workers. Employees do not need join the union in order to remain employed, however, the non-union worker must pay a fee to cover collective bargaining costs.
Union Shop
A provision found in some collective bargaining agreements requiring all employees of a business to join the union within a short period, usually 30 days, and to remain members as a condition of employment.
Incidence
The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.
Morbidity Rate
number of people affected in relation to the total population in a given time period
Disease Rate
expression of disease in a population in a given period of time
Mortality Rate
number of deaths from a disease in relation to the population in a given time
Express Consent
an oral or written agreement
Implicit Consent
behaviors that are openly performed in public implies that one is willing to have others observe them
Consent and Internal Education
Consent is not required for internal education purposes for staff members. PHIPA includes provisions that permit a custodian to use personal health information without the consent of the client. Some of these include use of personal health information for the following reasons:
to manage risk;
to support quality of care programs;
to allocate resources;
to obtain payment;
to do research, if a research plan has been approved by a research ethics board.
Informed Consent
“A consent to treatment is informed if, before giving it,
a) the person received the information that a reasonable person in the same circumstances would
require in order to make a decision about the treatment; and
b) the person received responses to his or her requests for additional information about those matters.”
Dietetics Act and Laboratory and Specimen Collection Centre Licensing Act
There are interdependent laws and regulations that have been put in place for RDs to have the authority to perform capillary skin pricks and analyze the blood samples. These include amendments to laws and corresponding regulations under the:
Dietetics Act;
and
Laboratory and Specimen Collection Centre Licensing Act
Knowledgeable consent
Consent for the “collection, use or disclosure of personal health information about an
individual if it is reasonable in the circumstances to believe that the individual knows,
a) the purposes of the collection, use or disclosure, as the case may be; and
b) that the individual may give or withhold consent.”
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
the average daily amount of a nutrient that will maintain a specific biochemical or physiological function in half the healthy people of a given age and gender group
Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
the average daily amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people; a goal for dietary intake by individuals
Tolerable Upper Limit
The greatest quantity of a vitamin or mineral that may be consumed in a day without risk of an adverse health effect.
Adequate Intake (AI)
the average amount of a nutrient that appears to be adequate for individuals when there is not sufficient scientific research to calculate an RDA
Limited Choice Menu
Provides some options
Non-Commercial Operation
Non-commercial operations provide food service on-site as a secondary activity. Examples include schools, hospitals, and the military.
Commerical Operation
A commercial food service operation is an operation that sells food and beverages for profit
Non-Selective Menu
offers no choices; one for breakfast, one for lunch, one for dinner
Parameters for a Community Needs Assessment
Parameters for a community needs assessment include:
- statement of nutrition problem
- definition of community
- purpose of the assessment and target population goals and objectives.
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in specific populations (epidemiology) is not related to a community needs assessment.
Which of the following structures forms part of the extrinsic control of digestive organs?
A. Autonomic nervous system
B. Enteric nerve plexus
C. Cerebral cortex
D. Entero-endocrine glands
A. Autonomic nervous system
The autonomic system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for regulating involuntary body functions, such as heartbeat, blood flow, breathing, and digestion.
Which naturally occurring statin is found in foods such as oyster mushroom and red yeast rice?
Lovastatin
Lovastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower “bad” cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise “good” cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as “statins.” It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver.
Lovastatin is a naturally occurring compound found in low concentrations in food such as red yeast rice and oyster mushrooms.
Marasmus
A disease of severe protein-calorie malnutrition during early infancy, in which growth stops, body tissues waste away, and the infant eventually dies.
Kwashiorkor
This form of malnutrition is most commonly found with children in developing countries. Kwashiorkor is a protein-energy malnutrition produced by a severely inadequate amount of protein in a diet.
Characteristics include distended belly, irritability, edema, and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltration.
Calories for starting TPN
TPN re-feeding is necessary because of extreme resistance, administration of nutrients should be done slowly, starting with no more than 500 kcal/day in the form of a complete liquid diet for several days, then gradually increasing the caloric load in a stepwise matter.
Symptoms of hypervolemia
The symptoms of headache, jugular vein distention, increased blood pressure, and crackles bilaterally are indicative of fluid overload or hypervolemia.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is administered directly into the bloodstream, and if there is an excessive infusion rate or inadequate fluid removal, it can lead to fluid overload.
Marketing Mix
the set of tactical marketing tools - product, price, place, and promotion - that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market
