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Astronomy > Jupiter > Flashcards

Jupiter Flashcards

1
Q

Physical Characteristics

  • Diameter
  • Avg. dist. from sun
  • mass
  • orbital pd
  • rotational pd
  • # of moons
  • magnitude
A
  • Diameter = 11 X earth
  • Avg. dist. from sun = 5.20 AU
  • mass = 300 X earth
  • orbital pd = 11.9 yrs
  • rotational pd = 9.9 hours
  • # of moons = currently 63
  • magnitude = -1.6 to -2.6
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2
Q

General Info (3)

A
  • radiates more heat into space than it receives from the sun
  • jupiter & moons = mini version of s.s.
  • largest of 4 gas giants
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3
Q

atmosphere

A

rapid rotation keeps clouds constantly moving and confined to narrow bands

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4
Q

belts

A

dark, reddish bands

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5
Q

zones

A

light-colored bands

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6
Q

belts & zones (3)

A

-gases flowing e. or w. w/ little movement in latitude
= framework for swirly patterns of clouds & hurricane-like storms
-called brown & white ovals

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7
Q

white ovals

A

cool clouds higher in atmosphere than avg. cloud level

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8
Q

brown ovals (2)

A
  • warmer, lower clouds seen thru holes in normal cloud layer

- can last from hrs to centuries

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9
Q

Great Red Spot (3)

A
  • largest storm
  • hurricane-like storm
  • lg. enough to fit 2 earths, side-by-side
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10
Q

Red spot jr. (3)

A
  • 3 smaller white stormed merged
  • creating a larger white storm
  • later turned red
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11
Q

differential rotation’s effect on rotation pd

A

rotation pd = 5 min longer at poles than at equator

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12
Q

differential rotation’s effect on clouds (2)

A
  • clouds in diff. lat. bands circulate in opposite directions, e. or w.
  • clouds rub against each other at edges, stabilizing lg storm systems
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13
Q

interior (4)

A
  • pressure and density increase with depth
  • pressure @ core = 70m X earth’s atmospheric pressure
  • temp = about 4 X temp of sun’s surface
  • ices driven out of rock and metal into 3rd layer
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14
Q

4 regions below cloud layer

A
  • 1st layer = helium & molecular hydrogen that are compressed into liquid form
  • lg. mass creates strong gravity that compresses gases
  • below cloud tops, pressure forces liquid hydrogen into metallic state
    • conducts heat & electricity like metal
  • electronic currents create powerful magnetic field
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15
Q

formation (4)

A

-started as rock & metal protoplanet like inner planets
-terrestrial part forms solid core (layer 4)
-core = 4% of mass
=more than 13 X earth’s mass

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16
Q

Magnetic field (2)

A
  • @ cloud tops, field = 14 X stronger than earth’s

- region in field that stores charged particles emitted by sun

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17
Q

jupiter’s moons (2)

A
  • system of moons dominated by 4 galilean moons

- named for zeus’ lovers and companions

18
Q

Io physical characteristics

  • diameter
  • mass
  • orbital pd
  • rotation
A
  • diameter = 1 X moon
  • mass = 1.22 X moon
  • orbital pd. = 1.8 days
  • rotation = synchronous
19
Q

Io key characteristics (3)

A
  • innermost galilean moon
  • mostly rock and metal
  • gets jostled in orbit causing tidal stress w/in Io
20
Q

Io and volcanoes (4)

A

-approx. 300 active volcanoes
-flexing creates frictional heating w/in
=source of heat needed to drive vast volcanic activity
-colorful surface bc of sulfur compounds from volcanoes
-volcanic gases from very tenuous atmosphere

21
Q

europa physical characteristics

  • diameter
  • mass
  • orbital pd
  • rotation
A
  • diameter = 1.0 X moon
  • mass = 0.65 X moon
  • orbital pd = 3.55 days
  • rotation = synchronous
22
Q

europa and water (5)

A
  • contains liquid water
  • experiences tidal heating causing cracks on surface
  • circulating surface water creates swirls, stripes & ridges on surface
  • salt deposits from evaporated water explains its reddish color
  • 1/4 of mass may be water
23
Q

europa core, magnetic field, and atmosphere

A
  • core: metallic; evidence of plate tectonics
  • magnetic field = weak
  • atmosphere = very thin, containing molecular oxygen
24
Q

Ganymede physical characteristics

  • diameter
  • mass
  • rotation
A
  • diameter = 1.5 X moon; largest in s.s. (larger than mercury)
  • mass - 2 X moon
  • rotation = synchronous
25
Q

ganymede’s core (4)

A
  • iron-rich core
  • rocky mantle
  • underground ocean of liquid water
  • covered with layer of ice
26
Q

ganymede’s magnetic field (5)

A
  • permanent field = 2X strong as mercury
  • 2nd field varies & has diff origin than permanent field
  • jupiter’s field creates electronic current w/in that generates varying field
  • field = salt water, which is conductive
    • requires liquid ocean
27
Q

ganymede’s surface geology (3)

A
  • 2 diff types of terrain (like moon)
    1. oldest (darker) feat. = dark, polygon shaped region, numerous craters
    2. younger (light) feat. = light, heavily grooved, few craters, b/t dark angular islands
28
Q

ganymede’s grooved terrain (2)

A
  • grooved terrain = plate tectonics in past, but not today

- formed by water that seeped up to surface as it froze, pushing apart sections of older crust

29
Q

callisto physical characteristics

  • diameter
  • mass
  • orbital pd
  • rotation
A
  • diameter = 1.38 x moon
  • mass = 1.5 x moon
  • orbital pd = 16.7 days
  • rotation = synchronous
30
Q

callisto atmosphere

A

thin atmosphere of hydrogen and CO2

31
Q

callisto magnetic field (2)

A
  • changing field

- means liquid water ocean is below crust

32
Q

callisto radio active decay

A

radio active decay inside = most likely its source of heat

33
Q

callisto surface characteristics (4)

A
  • numerous impact craters
  • small craters have disintegrated
  • has no young, grooved terrain
    • means tectonics never began
34
Q

Valhalla (5)

A
  • huge impact basin
  • jupiter-facing side
  • created by asteroid impact
  • no jumbled terrain on opposite side of valhalla
    • supports theory: has lg. liquid water ocean
35
Q

rest of jupiter’s moons (4)

A
  • captured asteroids
  • non-galilean moons = irregular & smaller
  • 4 moons orbit w/in orbit of io
  • rest orbit beyond callisto
36
Q

Jupiter’s rings (4)

A
  • all gas giants have rings
  • darkest & simplest set in s.s.
  • consts of fine dust particles constantly pushed out of orbit by radiation pressure
  • replenished by volcanic debris ejected by io
37
Q

jupiter’s gravity

A

strong enough to affect anything near it

38
Q

comet shoemaker (2)

A
  • collided w/ s. hemisphere

- impacts left easily visible scars

39
Q

spacecraft visitors (2) (altogether 4)

A
  • pioneer 10 &11

- voyager 1 & 2

40
Q

Galileo

A

dropped probe into jupiter’s atmosphere

41
Q

cassini

A

probe sent to saturn that passed jupiter for a gravity boost

Astronomy (7 decks)

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