june 2022 past paper Flashcards
1
Q
what is an example of a cellulosic fibre
A
ramie
2
Q
what is an example of an aramid fibre
A
kevlar
3
Q
what is an example of chlorofibres
A
polyvinyl
4
Q
what is an example of a fluorofibre
A
PTFE
5
Q
what is an example of an inorganic fibre
A
ceramic
6
Q
what is an example of a protein fibre
A
silk
7
Q
what are the properties of goretex which makes it suitable for outdoor clothing
A
- breathable
- water proof
- windproof
- light weight
8
Q
describe the apperence and characteristics of crepe fabric
A
- bumpy surface
- made with highly twisted yarns
- recognised for good draping qualities
- usually made from wool or silk fibres
- plain weave
- luxurious
9
Q
describe the appearance and characteristics of gingham fabric
A
- plain weave
- 2 different coloured yarns are used
- usually characterised by checks, plaid or stripes
- usually made from cotton or polycotton
10
Q
describe the appearance and characteristics of taffeta fabrics
A
- crisp fabric which makes a ruffling sound with movement
- has a distinctive lustre
- constructed using plain weave
- usually made from filament yarns
- colour changes when fabric moves
11
Q
what is the importance of logos to a designer
A
- they are unique visual symbols that distinguishes a designer from the competition
- they identify a company through specific colours, shapes or fonts and create brand loyalty
- designers work can easily be recognised raising the profile of a brand
- logos can help promote a brand to increase sales
12
Q
what is the importance of trademarks to a designer
A
- a logo or specific design can be registered as a trademark shown by TM or r symbols
- used to identify and promote a brand unique to designer
- offers designer protection from other companies copying and reproducing their work
- designers can take legal action against counterfeiters or those who create similar designs
13
Q
what are the benefits of electronic point of scales for fashion manufactures and retailers
A
- uses electronic data interchange to communicate information directly to company
- removes need for paper documents such as invoices and product orders
- its a single system at the till point that scans barcodes and processes payments from customers by connecting electronically to different payment methods
- sales information is sent directly to manufacture so production is automatically adjusted to make more of best selling products and stop production of low sales
- stock levels are automatically updated as EPOS sends information to replenish stocks based on product sales
- facilitates JIT production minimising storage and allowing effective cash flow
- sales info is used to design future fashion collections
- keeps customer info for marketing purposes to send them discounts
- garments are manufactured to level of demand eg. sizes so retailers are not left with wasted stock
14
Q
how does wool enhance the properties of a knitted jumper
A
- fairly strong but addition of nylon would add to strength making it more hard wearing
-naturally absorbent helping to absorb perspiration although is water repellent due to lanolin - crimp helps fabric keep its shape and makes it warm as traps air to create thermal insulation
- has soft handle
- other fibres are smooth so may counteract wools tendency to irritate skin
- amount of moisture in wool prevents it from being flammable
- short staple fibres of wool will contribute to pilling however other fibres in blend help to minimise bobbling on fabrics surface
15
Q
how will nylon enhance the properties of a knitted jumper
A
- nylon is a synthetic non absorbent fibre which will balance with the wool to help regulate body temperature
- can be heat set, and in combination with wool and elastane, it has the ability to hold shape
- its a fairly cool fibre that does not trap air but in combination with wool will create a relatively warm fabric
- will melt in contact with extreme heat but wool prevents it from being a flammable fabric
- prone to build up of static electricity but moisture content in wool reduces this effect
- helps wools tendency to shrink enabling a quicker drying time and making it easier to care for
16
Q
how do metal fibres enhance the properties of a knitted jumper
A
- they reflect light providing an interesting visual and colour effect to enhance the fabric
- light reflecting properties add sparkle especially in combination with wool which doesnt have a natural lustre
17
Q
how will elastane enhance the properties of a knitted jumper
A
the addition of a small amount of elastane will provide the fabric with stretch and recovery properties
18
Q
what are the points a designer will need to consider when creating a specification for childrens fancy dress clothing
A
- fabric enhancement: use of embroidery, dyeing or printing to add colour and pattern
- fabrics: colourful fabrics in line with theme and characters including interesting textures such as satin, lace or sheer fabrics
- novelty effects such as glitter, metallic and neon including features unique to character or theme
- components: decorative components such as trims, ribbons and fringing and functional components suitable for target market such as elastic waist band
- comfort: fabric with stretch that is easy dressing such as jersey or use of elastane
- safety: awareness of fire hazards, including warning labels and use of non flammable fabrics
- accessories: hats, bags and other items appropriate to the theme
- wash care: garment may be required for easy care or spot cleaned
- cost: low fabric cost such as polyester as children grow quickly so may only wear costume a few times
- target market: age appropriate styling
19
Q
analyse and evaluate the sustainability of lyocell during sourcing
A
- lyocell is a cellulose based fibre sourced from wood pulp
- the pulp used to make the fibre is mainly sourced from eucalyptus and sometimes from oak and birch trees
- eucalyptus is a fast growing tree that needs no irrigation
- it can easily grow on land that is unsuitable or is not fit for food and farming
- most of raw material is sourced from managed forests where trees are replanted after they are cut down
- unlike many other fibres, lyocell does not require pesticides or fertilisers
- to be environmentally sustainable it must be sourced from managed forests
- however sourcing the material requires heavy machinery that relies on non renewable materials such as coal and oil
20
Q
analyse and evaluate the sustainability of lyocell during manufacturing
A
- lyocell is manufactured through a wet spinning process
- the raw material is cut into small chips made into pulp and dissolved by a chemical to make the spinning solution
- the chemical used amide oxide is non toxic
- spinning solution is pushed through spinnerets to make fibre
- lyocell is made in closed loop process: solvents are recovered, purified and reused, creating minimal waste
- lyocell is biodegradable and can fully degrade in 8 days
- its processed in factories where machinery uses fossil fuels and other forms of non renewable energy
21
Q
analyse and evaluate the sustainability of lyocell during transportation
A
- lyocell is usually made off shore, mostly in china and asia
- transporting the fibre of fabric has significant impact of environment
- packaging may be plastic or non environmentally stable
- transportation such as lorries, planes and ships use non renewable fossil fuels
- the burning of these fuels releases CO2 emissions contributing to global warming
- oil spills from ships can pollute water ways and cause harm to marine life
- transportation to warehousing and retailers from ports causes further air pollution
22
Q
outline batch production
A
- products are made by a team of skilled workers in a factory
- many products are made at the same time in one run or several batches which can range from a few to thousands of items
- items are quality checked at certain points during manufacture
- products are identical to each other
- garments are made in a range of standard sizes
- made on production line in a factory - costs are usually in line with high street retailers
- machine made
23
Q
outline bespoke production
A
- products are made by one highly skilled craftsman
- a singular garment or textiles product is usually made only once or as part of a small collection
- usually made with care and to high standard
- products are unique or one off
- garments are made to measure for an individual client
- expensive method of production due to labour costs and high quality materials
- often included hand sewing and finishing
24
Q
what are the qualities required in fibres used in work trousers on a construction site
A
- synthetic fibres such as polyester and polyamide provide strength, durability are non absorbent and light weight
- natural fibres such as cotton are strong, breathable and good at absorbing moisture
- fibres such as carbon and kevlar provides strength and high abrasion resistance in areas of wear
- elastomeric fibres provide strength and recovery properties allowing easier movement
- fibre blends will provide specific properties
25
what are the qualities required in fabrics used in work trousers on a construction site
- woven fabrics such as twill weave are very strong and durable which hide dirt well
- hardwearing plain woven fabrics particularly close woven synthetic yarns
- knitted fabrics provide give, warp knitted fabrics are stable and more durable then weft knits
- laminated fabrics such as gore tex provide breathability and water resistance
- may be required to represent company colours or be easily recognisable on site with high visibility fabrics
26
what are the qualities required in finishes used in work trousers on a construction site
- flame retardancy such as proban on cotton fabrics provide protection when working with flames
- water resistance may be required especially when working in wet conditions
- non iron finishes such as teflon provides crease resistance
- work trousers may not be washed or cleaned very often so hygenic finishes may be applied
27
what are the strengths of modern printing methods
- examples include digital printing, transfer printing and rotary screen printing
- technology allows printed fabrics to be created with many layers and various shades of colour at the same time
- fabric travels at high speed on printing table with heaters to dry and cure pigments in between application of each colour
- many hundreds of metres of fabric run through machines at quick rates
- complex designs including photographic images can be created easily using CAD
- CAM allows for fast production
- usually inexpensive to hand printed fabrics although some designs can be more exclusive
- technology helps to create good quality printed fabrics with high levels of accuracy
- allows quick editing and short sample runs
28
what are the weaknesses of modern printing methods
costly to set up
29
what are the strengths of hand printing methods
- examples include block, stencil and screen printing
- usually applied in blocks of colour with each colour applied separately
- drying time is applied between each application to build up layers of colour
- one piece of fabric is printed at a time
- printing by hand is a creative process which makes individual and unique fabrics
30
what are the weaknesses of hand printing methods
- printing by hand is very time consuming
- labour intensive and usually expensive to produce
- misprints and mistakes are easily made
- printing by hand only produces small quantities at one time
- usually only made up of a few colours only
- designs are limited due to limited carves/blocks
31
why is piping used on home furnishings
- as a decorative feature
- to add strength to seams
32
why might a designer use a prediction company when creating a new collection
- to ensure future collections are on trend
- to ensure on trend fabrics/colours/components are used
- to meet upcoming target market/consumer needs
- to ensure products will sell in the future
- to avoid waste by selecting a material that will be in demand
- increase profits by creating collections that will be on trend
- to inspire designs for new collection
33
how to QRMS respond quickly to changing fashion trends
- high volumes of product are produced in batches to meet demand
- garments are usually inexpensive making fashion more affordable
- allows consumers to keep up with changing fashion trends however this encourages them to buy more clothes then needed ( fast fashion ) and these garments are often low quality
34
how does QRM in environmental issues respond quickly to changing fashion trends
- use of fossil fuels in garment production lead to increased CO2 emissions in countries where QRM is used and where air pollution may be at high levels
- encourages use of synthetic fabrics such as nylon
- these fibres are quick to produce but are made using finite resources such as gas and coal
- synthetic fibres take hundreds of years to biodegrade
- barely worn items produced using QRM are often disposed in landfill
- fast fashion can lead to tonnes of waste product
- however if amount of production meets actual demand it allows for small batches of a wide range of products to manufactured quickly in response to demand so can reduce amount of unwanted stock when fashion changes reducing waste
- JIT is a stock control management system that ensures the materials needed for production arrive at the time they are needed and in required quantities. this minimises stock storage and wastage minimising the impact on the environment
35
how does QRM in relation to ethical issues respond quickly to changing fashion trends
- garments are usually made off shore to take advantage of low production costs
- factories are often unregulated and can raise health and safety concerns
- production is often carried out in poor working conditions which often results in cheap child labour
- workers can be poorly underpaid and exposed to toxic chemicals and dangerous practises
- however some factories are beneficial to communities in which they are located eg. providing education
36
what are the characteristics of a FAD marketing cycle
- becomes a must have item that is in demand
- often for novelty, accessories or seasonal fashion
- high sales volume peaks quickly
- short lived trend lasting a matter of weeks as it drops out of fashion as quickly as it appeared
37
what are the characteristics of a standard marketing cycle
- have longer popularity than fad fashions but shorter than classic
- main fashion trend for high street retailers
- fashions are usually standard products or separates with changes in colour, prints and detail each season
- sales build up over a medium term period and fall as new standard trends rise in fashion
- standard fashion trends usually last 1 or 2 seasons
- standard fashion trends become obsolete at end of cycle and may not come back into fashion for some time
38
what are the characteristics of a classic marketing cycle
- products are seen as iconic or as staples in wardrobe
- timeless product that rarely goes out of fashion
- sales are often slow to grow but then remain constant
- classic products are popular for many years and never seem to go out of fashion
