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Elements of Medicine > Junctions > Flashcards

Junctions Flashcards

1
Q

Integrin

A

Transmembrane protein that ties the extracellular matrix to the cell cytoskeleton

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2
Q

“Velcro Effect” with integrins

A

bind with low affinity but in high numbers

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3
Q

What is the alpha subunit of an integrin mostly responsible for?

A

Binding specificity

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4
Q

What is the beta subunit of an integrin mostly responsible for?

A

interactions with the cytoskeleton

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5
Q

Cofactors necessary for integrins

A

Mg2+ or Mn2+

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6
Q

Which two proteins connect the beta subunit of integrin to actin filaments in the cytoskeletin?

A

Talin and α-actinin

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7
Q

Integrin binding to the cytoskeleton causes… (3)

A
  1. Increase in intracellular pH
  2. Increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels
  3. Tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins
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8
Q

Which cell surface protein has no enzymatic activity?

A

integrins

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9
Q

Contractile actin bundles attached to integrins/focal adhesions

A

Stress fibers

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10
Q

Extracellular matrix anchoring point of integrins

A

focal adhesions

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11
Q

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency

A

Loss of beta-2 integrins used for adhesion. Susceptibility to bacterial infection.

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12
Q

Missing beta-3 integrin in which platelets and fibrinogen cannot bind to initiate clots; patients bleed excessively

A

Glanzmann’s disease

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13
Q

aIIb b3 (integrin) antagonists are used for…

A

Preventing heart attacks and strokes. (they block platelet aggregation)

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14
Q

Three proteins involved in inflammatory cell adhesion

A
  1. Selectins
  2. ICAMs
  3. Integrins
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15
Q

Selectin

A

cell-surface carbohydrate-binding proteins synthesized by endothelial cells.

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16
Q

Three types of selectins

A
  1. E-selectin (endothelial)
  2. P-selectin (platelets)
  3. L-selectin (WBCs)
17
Q

What two things bind to initiate the weak adhesion between WBCs and endothelial cells?

A

Selectins and oligosaccharides

18
Q

What two things bind to strengthen initial binding of WBCs and endothelial cells?

A

ICAMs and integrins

19
Q

What does ICAM stand for?

A

Intercellular Adhesion Molecules

20
Q

Transmembrane glycoprotein promoting cell adhesion by homophillic binding

A

Cadherin

21
Q

What does cadherin binding depend on?

A

Ca2+

22
Q

What is required to bind cahderins to the actin cytoskeleton?

A

alpha and beta catenin

23
Q

Binding chain of cadherins to cytoskeleton

A

Cadherin - beta catenin - alpha catenin - actin filaments

24
Q

Where does p120 bind to provide stability?

A

cytoplasmic domain of cadherin

25
Q

Transcription factor Tcf-4 is activated by what?

A

beta catenin

26
Q

Does the destruction complex work with or without a Wnt signal present?

A

without

27
Q

Four components of the destruction complex?

A

APC, Axin, GSK-3, CK1

28
Q

What are the receptors for Wnt signals?

A

Frizzled and LRP

29
Q

What is phosphorylated to eventually bind GSK-3/CK1/APC (which messes up the destruction complex)

A

Dishevelled

30
Q

What mutation in the APC gene did we learn about?

A

Familian adenomatous polyposis

31
Q

Adherens junction

A

connects cellular actin cytoskeleton via cadherins

32
Q

Desmosomes

A

connect cellular IF cytoskeleton via desmoglein/desmocollin

33
Q

Desmoplakin, plakophilin, and plakoglobin are intermediary proteins for which junctions?

A

desmosomes

34
Q

Pemphigus is a disease of…

A

desmosomes

35
Q

Hemidesmisomes

A

Connect cells to matrix via IFs, integrins, and laminin

36
Q

Tight junctions

A

bunch of random proteins, pray for help

37
Q

Gap junction structure…

A

Six connexins form a connexon. Two connexons make up a gap junction

38
Q

Gap junction disorder…

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease.

Leads to degeneration of peripheral nerves, loss of muscle control/degeneration. problems with myelin.

Elements of Medicine (8 decks)

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