Julius Caesar

Question 1

List Caesars first political connection and what it cause him

Answer 1

Caesar married Cinna’s daughter, a known supporter of Marius, allowing him Flamen Dials

Question 2

What happened to Caesar when Sulla was present?

Answer 2

Sulla orders Caesar to leave, Caesar moves to Spain and returns in 78 BC, following Sulla’s death

Question 3

What did Caesar do upon his return?

Answer 3

Lived in Subra, used equestrian education to advocate for poor through being a lawyer.

Question 4

List the dates and titles Caesar obtained to gain power

Answer 4

72 BC- Caesar becomes Tribune
69 BC- Caesar becomes Praetor
65 BC- Elected Curule Aedile
63 BC- Elected Pontifex Maximus

Question 5

Reasons for the first truimvirate for Pompey:

Answer 5

Pompey returned from extroadinary command and needed: 1. Land for his veteran soldiers and his eastern treaties ratified.
-Metallus and Cato disagreed with Pompey in Senate

Question 6

Reasons for the first trimvirate for Crassus:

Answer 6

Mithradatic war made equestrian tax collectors unable to collect amount, optimates refused his rebate

Question 7

Reasons for the first trimvirate for Caesar:

Answer 7

Wanted consulship in 59 BC

Question 8

How was the first triumvirate secured?

Answer 8

Pompey married Julius’ daughter

Question 9

Who was Caesars oppopsition and how was he dealth with

Answer 9

Cato’s son-in-law Biblius was elected and vetoed everything Caesar tried, Caesar used Pompeys veterans as pressure and ignored Biblius vetoes until he retired

Question 10

What legislatiojn did Caesar pass?

Answer 10

Less Campania - divided italy up into 20,000 settlements for soldiers
Caesar was granted the province of Gaul and five years imperium with 3 legions post consul

Question 11

Name some initial problems faced by the triumvirate

Answer 11

After Caesar left for Gaul, tensions between Crassus and Pompeii gre. Clodious carried out a campaign against Pompey backed by Crassus . Pompey then called in rival gang Milo, gang attacks continued until Pompey voted for the recall of Cicero.

Question 12

What did Pompeys special grain command mean for the first triumvirate

Answer 12

He gained control of all land and seas through grain supply control and thus he questioned if the Triumvirate served him a purpose.

Question 13

When was the conference of Luca?

Answer 13

56 BC

Question 14

What did the conference of Luca determine?

Answer 14

Pompey and Crassus were to stand for their own joint consulship:

• Extending Caesars command
• Crassus was to disasociate himself with Clodius

Question 15

How did Caesar benefit from the consulship?

Answer 15

His proconsular command was extended for another 5 years, meaning it ended in 50 BC

Question 16

List the events that lead to the end of the first triumvirate

Answer 16

• Pompey was in a stronger position then the rest, attacks continued for both other members all throughout 54 BC
• Pompeys wife died in 54 BC
• Growing anarchy delayed elections
• 53 BC there was rumours of a dictatorship and Pompey could take advantage
• Crassus died in 53 BC after being defeated by Parthians
• Caesar offered Pompey other family members however they were declined

Question 17

What was happening in 49 BC?:

Answer 17

The senate was trying to recall Caesar, however his imperium was allowing him exemption from all he did wrong as Consul

Question 18

Who was vetoeing Pompey and the Optimates?

Answer 18

Mark Antony and Cassius Dio

Question 19

Why did the 2 senators flee to Caesar?

Answer 19

The senate declared a Senatus Consultum Ultimum (SCU) ignoring tribunes and granting emergency power.

Question 20

What was Caesars response to the SCU (include quote)

Answer 20

Caesar crossed the Rubicon initiating a civil war

-Plutarch: “let the die be cast”

Question 21

What were Caesars motives/excuses?

Answer 21

• Protecting a tribunes rights
• Financial difficulties
• To defend his honour

Question 22

What final 2 events occur in Rome post Caesar’s crossing of the rubicon?

Answer 22

• Pompey evacuates to Greece with the Senate

- Caesar reaches rome and breaks into the Senate

Question 23

How does the battle between Caesar and Pompey end?

Answer 23

Pompey defeated by Caesar in Pharsalus 48 BC, flees to Egypt however is followed by Caesar. Pompey killed in 48 BC however Caesar assits Cleopatra in defeating her brother.

Question 24

What year did a Caesorian become born?

Answer 24

47 BC

Question 25

List the four dictatorships held by Caesar

Answer 25

49 BC- 11 days
48 BC- 1 Year
46 BC- 10 Years
44 BC - Life

Question 26

List the four consulships held in Caesar’s autocracy

Answer 26

48 BC
46 BC
45 BC
44 BC

Question 27

What other sources of power did Caesar have?

Answer 27

46 BC- became prefect of public morals, holding public morals
45 BC- granted tribunician sacrosanctity

Question 28

What honours did Caesar have in his Autocracy?

Answer 28

45 BC - hailed as pater patriae
44 BC - Head minted on coinc
“never before had any roman citizen…normally reserved for roman gods” - Cowell

Question 29

What evidence is there that Caesar wanted kingship?

Answer 29

• Statues set near kings of Rome
• Allowed to wear laurel crown
• Wore triumphal purple
• Sat on a gilded chair

Question 30

How did Caesar die?

Answer 30

60 leading Romans planned to stab Caesar on the Ides of March, 15th. In 44 BC, March 15th Caesar was stabbed to death by 23 senators including Cassius and Brutus.