Julio-Claudian Dynasty

Question 1

Head of Tiberius

Answer 1

(early 1st century, Egypt)

-Figure follow same pattern as Augustus
-Resembles his father’s hair and mother (Livia) : nose, cranium, eyes, and mouth
-Emphasizes that he is a son of the new god Augustus. son of the divine Augustus.

Question 2

Double Suovetaurilia Relief

Answer 2

(14CE, Rome)

-Figure contains 12 toga-clad men
-cow, sheep, pig
-priest and alter
-a laurel tree
-a reflection of the first part
-two priest represents Augustus and Tiberius

Religious and Ritual Importance
Political and Dynastic Symbolism
Artistic Value

Tiberius chose this as Augustus and his heir apparent appeared in public as equal statue

Question 3

Triumph of Tiberius and Augustus seated among gods

Answer 3

(Boscoreale, 15-20 CE)

-Tiberius in triumphant chariot (quadriga) showing military success and rule. Augustus’ portrayal shows legitimacy of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty under Tiberius.
-Transfer of power and divine statue grated to Augustus posthumously.
-Associates himself to Augustus legacy.
-Cup shows Augustan imagery. Serve political needs of later emperors and reinforcing continuity and stability in the empire.

Question 4

Gemma Augustea

Answer 4

(15 CE, Vienna)

-Shows Tiberius military triumph
-Imperial propaganda and Legitimacy
-Represent Divus Augustus not the emperor during his lifetime.
-Tiberius promoting his role as worthy divi filius after Augustus’ death.

Question 5

Grand Camee de France

Answer 5

(26-29 CE, Paris)

-prisoners at the bottom
-Divus Augustus on the top
-Tiberius and Livia in the middle

Message:
-Tiberius is now a ruler and a younger general.

Question 6

Caligula

Answer 6

-Few surviving portraits due to short reign and post assassination destruction.
-Depict as youthful and handsome, idealized fuller hair. Contrasting as he is reported to have premature hair loss

Notable example: marble head showed youth and attractiveness.

Question 7

Claudius in the guise of Jupiter

Answer 7

(42-43 CE, Lanuvium)
-Over life size marble statue showing claudius with an eagle at his feet, holding a patera, symbolizing divine authority.

Question 8

Claudius in General

Answer 8

early Portraits
-youthful figure in the standard imperial style
- Blend of realism and idealism
Contrast with Predecessors: shows contrast with youthful depiction of Augustus and Tiberius, emphazing experience over divine perfection.

Dynamic Representations
-statue as pontifex maximus
-Reinforce legitimacy with the Julio-Cladian family

Question 9

Cladius as Pontifex maximus

Answer 9

(45 CE, Velleia)

Question 10

Julio-Claudian dynastic group

Answer 10

(45-50 CE, Ravenna)

-Role-specific representation
-Political messaging and legitimacy
-Blending the living and the divine

Question 11

Gemma Claudia

Answer 11

(49 CE, Vienna)

=Cornucopia=symbol for prosperity that the imperial family has brought to the roman people.

Question 12

Claudius vanquishing Britannia

Answer 12

(42-45 CE, Aphrodisias Turkey)

Depicts to worship the Julio-Claudian Dynasty
-Emphasizes Claudius role as a protector and ruler of Rome
-Has a Realistic face but an idealized body
-Showcases augustus as ruler of the land and sea, cladius marriage to agrippina, and cladius defeating britannia.
-Imperial victory, stability, and dynasty’s legitimacy.

Question 13

Port Maggiore

Question 14

Arch of Nero

Answer 14

(62 CE, Arch of Nero)

Question 15

Domus Aurea

Question 16

The Dome

Answer 16

Mycenaean Domes- corbeling technique to form beehive-shaped tombs
Roman Advances- concrete domes, allows stable structures
Hemispherical Domes and Oculus- has an oculus (opening) and true hemispherical domes.

Question 17

Fourth Style Mural Painting

Answer 17

(64-68 CE, Rome)