judiciary

Question 1

Supreme court

Answer 1

introduced following the 2005 constitutional reform act formally established in 2009

Question 2

judicial independence

Answer 2

Judicial independence mean that judges must be free to exercise their judicial powers without interference from litigants, the State, the media or powerful individuals or entities, such as large companies.

Question 3

separation of powers

Answer 3

Executive, legislative and judiciary split the political power between the three branches to prevent a centralisation of power.

UK: fused powers
US: separated powers

Question 4

Ultra Vires

Answer 4

Latin phrase meaning “beyond the powers”. If an act requires legal authority and it is done with such authority, it is characterised in law as intra vires (“within the powers”). If it is done without such authority, it is ultra vires.

Question 5

judicial review

Answer 5

Judicial review is a type of court proceeding in which a judge reviews the lawfulness of a decision or action made by a public body.