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IB Government > Judicial Branch > Flashcards

Judicial Branch Flashcards

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1
Q

10th Amendment

A

Powers not delegated to the US or prohibited to the States are reserved for the states respectively.

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2
Q

14th Amendment

A

Citizenship for African Americans; Repeal of the 3/5 Compromise; Denial for former confederate officials to hold a place in national or state government; Reject of confederate debts

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3
Q

3/5 Compromise

A

The decision to count slaves as 3/5 of a person for population reasons to determine how many seats would be in Congress.

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4
Q

Absolute Monarchy

A

Head of state is a hereditary position; king or queen has almost complete power

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5
Q

Amendment

A

A change or addition to a constitution or law

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6
Q

Anarchy

A

A lack of government and law, causing confusion.

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7
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

Opponents of the newly proposed Constitution.

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8
Q

Aristocracy

A

A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class/nobility

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9
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

1st Constitution of the US, extremely weak; no executive, legislative or judicial powers as well as no power to tax or regulate trade.

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10
Q

Authority

A

The power/right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.

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11
Q

Autocracy

A

A government in which the power to rule is in the hands of one individual.

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12
Q

Bicameral

A

A legislature consisting of two parts, or houses.

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13
Q

Bill of Rights

A

The first ten amendments to the US Constitution.

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14
Q

Block Grants

A

Money that is given from the national government that states can spend within broad guidelines set by Washington.

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15
Q

Categorical Grants

A

Fed. grants for a specific purpose (like building an airport or providing technology for schools)

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16
Q

Centralized

A

Concentrated control of of an activity/organization under a single authority.

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17
Q

Concurrent Powers

A

Powers shared by the national and state government.

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18
Q

Confederation

A

An organization that consists of a number of parties/groups united in an alliance/league.

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19
Q

Constitutional Monarchy

A

King/queen is the official head of state, but their power is limited by a constitution.

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20
Q

Democracy

A

A political system in which the supreme power lies in the citizens, as they elect the people who represent them.

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21
Q

Delegated Powers

A

Powers specifically given to the federal government through the constitution, like printing money.

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22
Q

Dictatorship

A

A form of power in which the leader has absolute power and authority.

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23
Q

Direct Democracy

A

A form of government where citizens rule directly, not through representatives.

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24
Q

Elastic Clause

A

A part in the constitution that grants Congress the ability to make any law “necessary and proper” to carry out their powers.

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25
Q

Federalism

A

A system in which power is divided between state and federal government.

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26
Q

Federalist Papers

A

A collection of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, Jon Jay and James Madison under the name “Publius” to defend the constitution in detail.

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27
Q

Full Faith and Credit Clause

A

Constitutional requirement that every state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of each other.

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28
Q

Government

A

The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies.

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29
Q

Great Compromise

A

Compromise made by the Constitutional Convention that one house of Congress would be based off of population and the other would have equal representation.

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30
Q

Indirect Democracy

A

A system of government that gives citizens the opportunity to vote for people who represent them.

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31
Q

Limited Government

A

A government whose powers are limited and defined by a constitution.

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32
Q

Military Junta

A

A group of military officers who rule a country after seizing power.

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33
Q

Monarchy

A

A government ruled by a king or queen

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34
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

A constitutional proposal that gave everybody one vote in Congress no matter what (equal rep.)

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35
Q

Oligarchy

A

Government ruled by a few powerful people

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36
Q

Parliamentary

A

A system of government that is run by the legislature and the leader of the country is part of the legislature as well.

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37
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

Rule by the People

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38
Q

Power

A

The rate at which work is done.

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39
Q

Presidential

A

A system of government where the executive branch is seperate from the legislative branch.

40
Q

Privileges and Immunities

A

Citizens of all states have the same rights (mostly).

41
Q

Project Grants

A

A type of categorical grant given for a specific purpose and awarded on the basis of merits of the application

42
Q

Republic

A

A government where people choose their leaders by voting.

43
Q

Reserved Powers

A

Powers given to state governments alone.

44
Q

Rogue State

A

A state/nation regarded as breaking international law and posing a threat to other societies.

45
Q

Separation of Powers

A

Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches; legislative makes the law, executive enforces it, and the judiciary interprets it.

46
Q

Supremacy Clause

A

The Constitution will always be the supreme law of the land.

47
Q

Totalitarian

A

Referring to a government where one person has the sole power and authority.

48
Q

Unitary

A

A nation-state with a centralized government that excercises its power equally over all parts of the state.

49
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Proportional representation for both houses of Congress, favored larger states.

50
Q

World Citizen

A

Follows international laws.

51
Q

17th Amendment

A

Established direct election of senators

52
Q

Appropriations

A

Money granted by Congress to a state legislature for a specific purpose.

53
Q

Bill

A

A proposed law

54
Q

Censure

A

Harsh criticism or disapproval

55
Q

Census

A

The official count of a population.

56
Q

Cloture

A

A procedure used in the Senate to limit debate on a bill.

57
Q

Committee

A

A group of people appointed for a specific function, usually part of a larger group.

58
Q

Conference Committee

A

Joint committee made to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and the Senate

59
Q

Congressional Delegation

A

The number of representatives and senators per state

60
Q

Constituents

A

People a member of Congress represents.

61
Q

Debt

A

Something, typically money, that is owed or due.

62
Q

Deficit

A

Excess of federal expenditures over federal revenues.

63
Q

Discharge Petition

A

A petition that, if signed by the majority of HOR members, will take a bill from a committee and bring it to the table for consideration.

64
Q

Divided Government

A

Governance divided between parties, as when one holds the presidency and the other controls one or both houses of Congress.

65
Q

Entitlement Programs

A

Government benefits that certain individuals are entitled to, regardless of need.

66
Q

Filibuster

A

A lengthy speech used to close debate on a bill (killing it); only used in the senate.

67
Q

Franking Privilege

A

Allows members of Congress to send out mail and other materials free of charge.

68
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power at the time.

69
Q

House of Representatives

A

Lower house of Congress, consists of a different number of reps from each state as the amount of members are based on population.

70
Q

Implied Powers

A

Powers not specifically listed in the Constitution.

71
Q

Incumbency

A

A person holding a current place in office.

72
Q

Interest Group

A

An organization of people who share a common interest/goal; seeks to influence the making of public policy.

73
Q

Joint Committee

A

A committee made up of people both from the Senate and the HOR; these sort of committees oversee the house of Congress and conduct investigations.

74
Q

Legislative Branch

A

The branch of government that makes laws.

75
Q

Lobbyist

A

A person a part of/employed by an interest group to try and influence policy decisions within the executive and legislative branch.

76
Q

Logrolling

A

An agreement between 2+ lawmakers to support one another’s bills.

77
Q

Majority Leader

A

Legislative leader elected by party members holding the majority of seats in the Senate and HOR.

78
Q

Midterm Election

A

Elections held midway between presidential elections.

79
Q

Minority Leader

A

Legislative leader elected by party members holding the minority of seats in the Senate or HOR.

80
Q

Pigeonhole

A

Setting aside a bill to ultimately forget about it, killing a bill.

81
Q

22nd Amendment

A

Limits president to 2 terms.

82
Q

25th Amendment

A

1: VP takes presidents place in case of presidents death or incapability to do his job 2: If there is no VP, president must appoint one and that one has to be approved by Congress.

83
Q

Appointment

A

A job or duty given to a person.

84
Q

Authoritarian

A

A government where one person or a group of people hold absolute power.

85
Q

Bureaucracy

A

System of government where most important decisions are made by state officials and not elected representatives.-

86
Q

Cabinet

A

Group of advisers to the president.

87
Q

Caucus

A

A meeting of local party members to choose party officials or candidates for public office and to decide the platform.

88
Q

Challenger

A

A politician who’s running for a spot he does not already hold.

89
Q

Closed Primary

A

A primary where only members of a particular party can vote.

90
Q

Conservative

A

A person who believes government power (esp. in economy) should be limited to maximize freedom.

91
Q

Convention

A

A practice widely observed in a group; custom; accepted technique or device

92
Q

Delegates

A

Representatives

93
Q

Democrat

A

A person who believes in the social/political equality of all people.

94
Q

Electoral College

A

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president.

95
Q

13th Amendment

A

Abolished slavery

IB Government (1 decks)

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