Judical precedent Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

what is stare decisis

A

judicial precedent is based off this

stand by past decisions

“ratio” of case forms binding precedent

Higher courts (appeal) that create binding
appeal courts stand by past decisions

except the supreme court (can overrule own decisions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is binding precedent

A

-principle of stare decicis
“ratio” of case which forms binding precedent
Most courts are bound to their own decisions
main exception is supreme court

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Donoghue V stevenson

A

Snail found in glass bottle darkened brought by friend, Manufactor owed a duty of care to consumer so negligent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what’s obiter dicta

A

“other things said”
hypothetical situations
not binding but may be persuasive precedent
R v Howe, one judge made an obiter comment that duress shouldn’t be a defence to attempted murder. R v Gotts then decided same facts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

R v R

A

house of lords agreed with court of appeal that marital rape was removed and made illegal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hierarchy of courts

A

supreme court
court of appeal
high court
kings bench/chancery/family
county/crien
tribunals/magistrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

R v Howe

A

ratio:
duress is not a defence to a charge of murder
obiter:
defence is not available to attempted murder

R v Howe, one judge made an obiter comment that duress shouldn’t be a defence to attempted murder. R v Gotts then decided same facts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DPP v Smith

A

cut hair with scissors, ABH with scissors tried as assault as physical pain wasn’t necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is ratio decedendi

A

-legal reason for the decision

-ratio of case forms binding precedent

-3-5 judges sitting in court of appeal so multiple ratios may be created

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

types of persuasive precedent

A

obiter dicta

privy council

other countries

lower courts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is reversing

A

judge who is hearing the appeal changes decision and ratio

ratio of lower courts will no longer be precedent

e.g Tomlinson where ignored no swimming signs and no duty of care was owed under water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tomlinson

A

ignored no swimming signs and got hurt by underwater objects however underwater they had no duty of care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is overruling

A

when a court in a later case decides legal rule in earlier case.

higher court overrules lower courts

E.g in Addie v Dumbreck no duty of care owed to children overruled for BRB v herrington

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is distinguishing

A

when a judge finds there is sufficient difference in cases to not follow precedent in earlier case

when a case is distinguished it remains precedent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Young V bristol aeroplane

A

conflicting decisions

decisions in error

higher court overrules decsision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly