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Logic > Judgment > Flashcards

Judgment Flashcards

0
Q

Judgment is the basic _______

A

Thought process

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1
Q

Thinking is carried on by the means of what?

A

Judgment

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2
Q

Judgment largely depends on _____

A

Ideas

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3
Q

The building blocks of knowledge

A

Ideas

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4
Q

What is the nature of judgment?

A

The act of the intellect by which the agreement or disagreement of an idea is pronounced

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5
Q

Pronouncement on the case of judgment is _____

A

Predication

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6
Q

The idea predicated of another in judgment is called _____

A

Predicate idea or predicate

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7
Q

Idea of which the predicate is enunciated or predicated is called _____

A

Subject idea or subject

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8
Q

Ways of viewing judgment:

A
  • scope of subject

* accuracy, completeness or necessity with which the predicate applies to its subject

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9
Q

SCOPE OF SUBJECT

A
  • Universal
  • Singular
  • Particular
  • Indefinite
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10
Q

When its subject is taken in full scope pf meaning or in full extension

A

Universal judgment

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11
Q

Examples of universal judgment

A
  • All boys are not girls.
  • All planets are round.
  • All men are mortal.
  • All men are not immortal.
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12
Q

When its subject is taken in partial extension

A

Particular judgment

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13
Q

Examples of particular judgment

A
  • Some girls are not virgins.
  • Some boobs are small.
  • Some vaginas are loose.
  • Some penises are long.
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14
Q

When it refers to a specific individual

A

Singular judgment

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15
Q

Examples of singular judgment

A
  • That boy is handsome.
  • That song is awesome.
  • Niall is adorable.
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16
Q

When it does not indicate whether the subject is to be understood in full or only in partial

A

Indefinite Judgment

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17
Q

ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS OR NECESSITY WITH WHICH THE PREDICATE APPLIES TO THE SUBJECT

A
  • Specific judgment
  • Generic judgment
  • Differential judgment
  • Proper judgment
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18
Q

When the subject os is the species or complete essence of the subject

A

Specific Judgment

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19
Q

When the predicate is the genus or essential class of the subject

A

Generic Judgment

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20
Q

When the predicate differentiates it from the other essence with which it has a common genus

A

Differential Judgment

“Man is a rational animal”

DJ - Man is rational

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21
Q

When the predicate indicates something that belongs to the subject and no other

A

Proper Judgment

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22
Q

Elements of Judgment

A
  • ideas
  • comparison
  • predication
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23
Q

What is the essence of judgment?

A

For the mind to express in a mental act the agreement or disagreement of two ideas.

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24
Q

A judgment is always either _____ or _____

A

True

False

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25
Q

When the intellect agrees with and perceives the actual relationship of two realities in the external world.

A

True judgment

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26
Q

When the mind deviates from and does not reflect the actual relationship between to realities

A

False Judgment

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27
Q

All singular judgments are also _________

A

Universal judgments

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28
Q

What is a proposition?

A

A statement which can either be true or false

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29
Q

A proposition is a statement which either _____ or ______ something

A

Affirms

Denies

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30
Q

Propositions are the sort of things which can be _____, _____ and ______ from and to.

A

Known
Believed
Reasoned

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31
Q

True propositions are called

A

Facts

Truths

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32
Q

False propositions are called

A

Untruths

Errors of facts

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33
Q

Characteristics of propositions

A
  • All propositions are sentences/ statements, but not all sentences/ statements are propositions.
  • A proposition expresses either truth or falsity.
34
Q

Why is it that not all sentences are propositions?

A

Some sentences do not contain judgment and in them nothing is affirmed or denied. Propositions always ends with a period.

35
Q

What is a true proposition?

A

A proposition that corresponds with reality.

36
Q

Kinds of proposition

A
  • Categorical

* Hypothetical

37
Q

What is a categorical proposition?

A

A kind of proposition that expresses an unconditional judgment.
• Proposition in which the subject term is either affirmed or denied by the predicate term.

38
Q

Elements of categorical propostion

A

MATTER - subject and predicate

FORM - copula

39
Q

The thought content of a proposition, they are the materials out of which the proposition is made.

A

Subject and predicate

40
Q

The bonding verb, the structure of a proposition, the unifying principle of a proposition

A

Copula

41
Q

What is a valid proposition?

A

One which is true in its matter and correct in its form.

42
Q

Elements of a categorical proposition

A

Subject
Copula
Predicate

43
Q

They serve as the principal signs of the extension of the subject term.

A

Quantifiers

44
Q

True or False

The quantity of the quantifier is the same as the quantity of the proposition.

A

True

45
Q

The Copula is also called as ______

A

Qualifier

46
Q

Proposition that expresses an affirmation and uses an affirmative copula is called a ______ proposition

A

Affirmative

47
Q

Expresses negation or denial and uses a negative copula is called ______

A

Negative proposition

48
Q

What question should be asked to identify a negative proposition?

A

Does the proposition express denial?

49
Q

Rules governing the quantity of the predicate

A
  • All affirmative propositions always have particular predicate terms.
  • All negative propositions always have universal predicate terms.
50
Q

Proper names are

A

Universal

51
Q

Circumstantial quantifiers

A

UAC
UNC
PAC
PNC

52
Q

Symbols of categorical propositions

A
  • A Universal Affirmative
  • E Universal Negative
  • I Particular Affirmative
  • O Particular Negative
53
Q

A and I are from the word

A

AFFIRMO

54
Q

E and O are taken from the word

A

NEGO

55
Q

Classifications

A
  • According to quality
  • According to quantity
  • According to quality and quantity
56
Q

According to quantity

A
  • universal proposition

* particular proposition

57
Q

A proposition having a universal quantifier

A

Universal proposition

58
Q

A proposition having a particular quantifier

A

Particular proposition

59
Q

According to quality

A

Affirmative

Negative

60
Q

Has an affirmative copula

A

Affirmative proposition

61
Q

Has a negative copula

A

Negative proposition

62
Q

According to quality and quantity

A

A
E
I
O

63
Q

Refers to the basic agreement of the elements or parts of a proposition

A

Logical form

64
Q

A proposition in logical form must be

A

Definite

Must contain S C P

65
Q

What is a hypothetical proposition?

A

A proposition that unites or separates two enunciations by means of a non-verb copula.

66
Q

Kinds of hypothetical proposition

A

Conditional
Biconditional
Conjunctive
Disjunctive

67
Q

What is a conditional proposition?

A

It is an if-then statement consisting of two parts.

68
Q

A conditional proposition consists of two parts. What are they?

A

Antecedent

Consequent

69
Q

It follows if and precedes then

A

Antecedent

70
Q

It follows then and is the second part of a conditional proposition

A

Consequent

71
Q

Connectives commonly used to form conditional propositions

A 
If
Only if
In case
On the condition that
Provided that
Unless
72
Q

It is the distinctive nature of the conditional proposition to assert nothing but the ___________ between its two components

A

Necessity of logical connection

73
Q

What is a biconditional proposition?

A

Expresses the idea that the presence of some property is a necessary and sufficient condition for the presence of some other property

74
Q

Biconditional propositions are also called

A

If and only if statements

75
Q

A combining statement that uses the connective “or” to join component clauses called disjuncts or alternatives of atleast one must be true.

A

Disjunctive proposition

76
Q

Disjunctive proposition is also called ______

A

Either-or statement

77
Q

Two kinds of disjunctive proposition

A

Complete disjunctive proposition

Incomplete disjunctive proposition

78
Q

What is a complete disjunctive proposition?

A

A proposition with which only one of its disjuncts, NOT BOTH, can be true

79
Q

What is an incomplete disjunctive proposition?

A

A proposition with which BOTH of its disjuncts MAY BE TRUE.

80
Q

What is a conjunctive proposition?

A

Is a combining statement consisting of two coordinate clauses joined by AND. Both clauses must be true.

81
Q

FANBOYS

A 
For 
And 
Nor
But 
Or
Yet
So
82
Q

Logical form of categorical proposition

A

Reduction to logical form

Determining the concrete logical form

83
Q

A hypothetical proposition states ______, _______ or _______ between two judgments, setts of ideas or statements.

A

Conditions
Causation
Opposition

Logic (1 decks)

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