Judaism TEST Flashcards
B’rit (Covenant)
The agreement made between God and Abraham/Moses and the Jewish people - the Jewish expression of monotheism.
Torah
Jewish Law, teaching the five books of Moses
Mitzvah (Mitzvot)
Obligation and commandment in Torah. 613 of them
Halakhah (Halakhot)
Jewish Law
Mashiach
Messiah (believed to come, fundamental part of Judaism)
Kedushah
Holiness
Teshuvah
repentance - delete what is wrong/ forgive sins
Shekhinah
The presence of God.
Who are the Children of Israel?
Descendents of Jacob (called Israel), his father Isacc and his father Abraham.
B’rit Milah
Circumcision process. Sing of being Jewish and an important component of the Covenant.
Mohel
A Circumciser
Sandek
A support person
Bris ceremony
When child given formal name
Bar Mitzvah
Son of the commandment. First time boy participates in the synagogue service as an adult.
Yetzer hara
evil inclination
Yetzer hatov
good inclination
Ketubah
Marriage contract. God has control over the couple.
get
A divorce contract that must come from the husband.
Kavod ha-met
The dead
nihum avelim
Those who mourn.
hevra kadisha
Group preparing the body
shiva time
7 days
Ma’ariv
evening prayer, just after sunset
Minhah
afternoon prayer, kaddish is prayed
Kaddish
ancient Jewish prayer giving thanks and praise
Shaharit
Morning blessings (Birchot hashachar)
Beracha (berachot)
A type of Jewish prayer in which God is blessed
Kiddush
blessing recited over wine
Shabbat
Jewish day of rest
Siddur
Prayer book containing prayers for home and synagogue.
Minyan (quorum)
community of faith, a people chosen by God and
therefore prayers are not the responsibility of one person or can be restricted to one person.
Bimhah
Reading platform at the center of the synagogue so everyone can hear
Nevi’im
The prophetic books of the Hebrew Bible describing the history of the Jewish People
Ketuvim
the writings of the Hebrew Bible (11 of them)
Shema
Basic statement of faith (prayer)
Amidah
central prayer of all 3 services, morning afternoon. and evening. Literally means standing.
Aleinu
prayer that starts with a statement of duty to God.
Ashkenazi Jews
Jews descended from the Jews of France, Germany, and Eastern Europe.
Sephardi Jews
Jews from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Middle East)
Kashrut
Ritual food laws defining what Jews can and Cant eat, also known as kosher.
What is Fasting?
A way of expressing sorrow for sinful behaviour
Kippah/yarmulkah
Skull cap. Serves as a reminder that God is watching everything we do.
Mezuzah
Box on a doorpost. (paper with Torah) At doorframes
Tefillin
Boxes with leather straps with the Torah
Tallit
Prayer shawl expressing importance of obeying commandments and not being sinful.
Spice box and candles
Used during Havdalah, marking end of the Sabbath
Shabat rituals at home
meal with fam, wear good clothes, before: house cleaned and food prepared.
Shabat rituals at Synagogue
Torah scroll carried around, prayers offfered, money given
Pilgrim festival of Pesach
Commemorated the Angel of Death passing over the Israelites during their slavery in Egypt. No leavened bread.
pilgrim festival of weeks of Shavuot
Pentecost. Work is not done. Stay up and study Torah, then wake up early to pray.
Pilgrim festival of Sukkot
Commemorates 40 year of wandering. Tabernacles. No work done
The High Holy Day Rosh Hashanah
the New Year. Reflections
The High Holy day Yom Kippur
Day of atonement and repentance. MOST important holiday
Do women follow all commandments
No they focus on house and children
When are women required to recite prayer?
Over the wine Kiddush
Bat Chayil ceremony
12 year old girls. Girl presents Jewish topic to give evidence of education
What are the 3 sections of the Hebrew Bible?
The Torah, Nevi’im, and Ketuvim
What is the Torah also reffered to as?
The Five Books of Moses or the Law
What is the Written law?
The Torah
Where has Oral Law been written?
Talmud in the form of Rabbinic discussion on all aspects of Jewish life.
What are the two parts of the Talmud?
THe Mishnah and the interpretive Gemara
What is the Talmud?
The authoritative record of rabbinic discussions on all aspects of Jewish life.
Who was Rashi and what did he do?
Rashi was a well respected commentator on the Torah.
Tanahk is another way of saying what?
Hebrew Bible
Rabbinic Responsa
A set of rabbinic writing, similar to rabbinic commentaries. containing rules for ordinary incidents in life.
Aggadah
ethical teachings
What is the Talmud written in?
Hebrew and Aramaic.
How many sections does the Talmud have?
63
What is Aramaic?
a Semitic language, closely related
to Hebrew that became the dominant language of the middle east
What is the major different between Orthodox and non-Orthodox movements?
Orthodox Jews believe that both the written and Oral Torah are directly from God without human intervention.
How did Reform Judaism emmerge?
In 19th Century Germany, reform judaism was an intellectual response, arguing for increased integration into society.
Haskalah
Word used to describe the beginning of Jewish involvement with the secular world.
Eschatology
End of the World and God’s final Judgment. Jews believe in the coming of the Mesiah where the dead will be resurrected
Olam-Ha Ba
world to come. Spiritual afterlife
Cosmogony
spiritual creation
Cosmology
the physical creation. God created everything
Maimonides’ 13 Articles of Faith
Describes Orthodox Judaism’s core beliefs including God’s existence, uniqueness, and Torah’s divine origin
Beth Din
Rabbinical court for religious law with authority in Israel and Jewish communities
Orthodox Jews
Follow laws strictly
Hasidim
Ultra orthodox Jews living in seperate societies
Mishnah
Rabbinic text giving ethical guidance
Mussar
tradition demanding ethical monotheism and decent behavior toward others
orthodox judaism
-torah divine origin
conservative judaism
-torah divine inspiration
-accepts interpretations
reform judaism
-focuses on meaningful tradition
-participates in society
progressive judaism
-focus on relationship with god
-women and men equal roles
Who are the 3 figures of authority in Judaism?
Prophets (prents gods will), Priests (community leaders), Rabbis (teachers and scholars)
Diaspora
the dispersion of the Jewish people beyond israel
Hasidic Jews
Branch of Orthodox Judaism believing in joyful worship with dance and music
Kabbalah
Mystical experiences inside torah (important for Hasidic Jews)
Mikveh
ritual bath for conversion followed by taking of a Jewish name
Shiksa
female convert
Decalogue
10 commandments. (first to mitzvot)
Kiddushin
act of getting women to mary
agunah
women unable to mary /anchored to her husband
Shechita
ritaul slaughter of aninals for kosher
Zionism
political movement seeking to establish a Jewish State
Tikkun Olam
Reparation of the Universe
Pikuach Nefesh
Setting aside a law to save a life.
Agadah
part of talmud dealing with ethics and moral values including narrative material on exmplary figures
