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Religious Studies > Judaism: Practices > Flashcards

Judaism: Practices Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Tenakh?

A
  • Torah, Nevi’im and Ketuvim combined

- governs all aspects of life

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2
Q

What is the importance of the Torah?

A
  • divine origins given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai
  • links God with Humanity
  • absolute + eternal
  • Mitzvot separates a Jew from other, as they are part of the covenant
  • during a year in a synagogue, the whole Torah will be read out
  • study of the Torah is essential - many Orthodox Jews devote their lives to study it
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3
Q

What is the purpose of the Torah?

A

-guidance/instruction - following its rules Jews stay close to God

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4
Q

What is the importance of the Ketuvim?

A
  • unconnected books - poetry, songs, historical stories and philosophical debates
  • 5 books correspond to five festivals - eg Purim (Ester)
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5
Q

What is the purpose of the Ketuvim?

A

-underlying theme show people’s commitment to God through difficulties and hard work

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6
Q

What is the importance of Nevim

A
  • contains stories and teaching from prophets

- prophet are chosen by God

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7
Q

What is the purpose of Nevim?

A
  • historical background of early Judaism
  • God’s revelation
  • able to learn God’s character
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8
Q

What is the importance of the Talmud?

A
  • Talmud relates today’s problems to Torah law, interpreting the law, so it is more easily understood and followed
  • Mishnah - a study of law
  • Gemara - commentary on the Mishnah
  • there are Torah references so the reader can see where the study is about
  • shows how Jewish thought and understanding have developed over time
  • Talmud keeps Jewish law and understanding up to date and applied to modern times
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9
Q

Why is the Synagogue important?

A
  • house of worship
  • place to study the word of G-d - Shul
  • worship in the synagogues represent the temple
  • minyan (ten member) need to be present for worship
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10
Q

What is on the outside of the synagogue?

A
  • star of david

- menorah

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11
Q

What are the features on the inside?

A
  • Aron hakodesh - Ark of the Covenant, housing the Torah - represents the Holy of Hollies, which was the most sacred part of the temple
  • A cupboard in the Eastern Wall facing Jerusalem - safeguards and glorifies its contents
  • Ner Tamid - represents the ever-burning lamp in the Tabernacle, showing that the Torah should always have the meaning
  • Bimah - raised platform where the Torah is read - represents the sanctuary in the temple - teaching should go out to the entire world
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12
Q

What are the differences between Orthodox and Reform Jews?

A
  • Orthodox Jews use the name ‘Shul’, while Reform use ‘temple’
  • Orthodox women sit separately and all face the Bimah, in Reform - all sit together, all face the Ark and Bimah at front of the room
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13
Q

What is the importance of worship?

A
  • forms part of the covenant, is a mitzvot so is a duty
  • keeps people mindful of God and shows devotion
  • shows God worship and praise
  • brings the community togethar
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14
Q

What does synagogue worship consist of?

A
  • daily services
  • rites of passage
  • festivals
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15
Q

What does home worship consist of?

A
  • Shabbat meals
  • circumcision
  • thanksgiving
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16
Q

What do males wear?

A
  • Orthodox men wear kippah, tallit and tefillin

- Reform Jews wear just a kippah

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17
Q

Who is a rabbi?

A
  • a spiritual leader, a learned man of scripture and law, who has attended Yeshivah
  • Reform Jews - allow women to have this role
  • cantor sings prayers and often leads worship
18
Q

What is the structure of worship?

A
  • centred around different prayers from the siddur and chamash
  • on Shabbat both the Torah and prophecies will be read
19
Q

What is the Shema?

A
  • declaration of faith
  • recited three times daily
  • taken directly from verses in the Torah
  • three sections follow this statement: God and religious duties, accepting and keeping law, keeping the mitzvot to wear tzitzit
  • Reforms Jews don’t include the last two sections
20
Q

Quote from the Shema

A

‘Hear O Israel, the lord your God is one’

21
Q

What is the Amidah?

A
  • means ‘standing’
  • said stood facing Jerusalem
  • 19 blessings: 3 for praise, 13 requests and 3 thanksgiving
  • spoken with the movement of lips rather than out loud - the sound comes from the heart
22
Q

What is the Kaddish?

A
  • means ‘holy’ - hymn of praise to God
  • can only be recited if there is minyan
  • different kaddishes for different occasions
23
Q

Quote from the Kaddish

A

‘May His great name be exalted…’

24
Q

What is the Aleinu?

A
  • a prayer to praise God and restates a Jew’s dedication to God
  • reminds them that God’s rule is eternal
  • reminds them that they are the chosen people and that choosing brings with it difficulties
  • said at the end of the service
25
Q

What do home prayers require?

A
  • must be in the right mindset (kavanah)
  • dressed in a respectable way of God
  • don’t require a minyan
26
Q

Kippah

A
  • small cap worn by Jewish men

- women also cover their heads as a sign of respect

27
Q

Tallit

A
  • prayer shawl
  • four corners to represent the four corners of the world
  • tzitzit - fringes tied with five knots to represent the Ten Commandments
  • hang loose to represent the 613 commandments
  • reminder of God’s law being around them and not to be forgotten
28
Q

Teffilin

A
  • two small leather boxes with straps - one on the forehead and one on the arm
  • contains a passage of scripture
  • prayers are said to focus the mind
  • the box on the arm points to the heart reminding them of God’s love and the one on the head is symbolic of being aware of God
29
Q

When to pray?

A
  • Minchah - afternoon prayer according to the Issac timing
  • Maariv - evening prayer following Jacob’s timing
  • mitzvot - shows devotion - links Jews to their history
  • cleansing act and a channel of communication with God
30
Q

Shabbat

A
  • Jewish day of rest - sundown on Friday and Saturday evening
  • commandment to keep it holy part of the covenant with God
31
Q

What does no work mean?

A
  • Talmud forbids 39 areas of work on Shabbat

- pikuach nefech overrides Shabbat rules for work

32
Q

How do you get ready for Shabbat?

A
  • house is tidied, food is made, table is set

- arrangements have to be made to ensure no work needs to be done

33
Q

What happens on the Friday?

A
  • two candles are lit (no later than 18 min before sunset) - mother passes her hand over her eyes and recites the blessing to welcome Shabbat
  • two candles are zakhor and shamor (remember and observe Shabbat)
  • family attend synagogue - Shabbat prayers are said
  • family return for the family meal, where the children are blessed, Kiddush is recited and prayers are said over the wine to make it holy
  • challah is blessed and songs are sung
34
Q

What happens on the Saturday?

A
  • whole family attends synagogue after the rituals of Kiddush and the two challah have been repeated
  • reading of the Torah is central
  • Kiddush is shared at the end of the service
  • Orthodox Jews may spend the day in study of the Torah and for others it is family time
  • Shabbat ends with Havdalah - lighting candles is an act of work so indicates the separation of the Shabbat from other days
35
Q

What is the importance of Shabbat?

A
  • day of rest
  • giving time to study and reflect
  • brings the family and community together and shows respect, devotion and duty to God
  • Jews are bound by the covenant promises and honours tradition (minhag)
36
Q

What is a brit milah?

A
  • birth ceremony for a boy in Judaism
  • happens eight days after birth
  • at a home or in shul
  • boy is circumcised as part of the covenant and the male becomes part of the Jewish faith
37
Q

What happens in a brit milah?

A
  • a mohel attends the home
  • father wears his tallit and teffilin as a symbol of the commandments
  • boy is given to a sandek, who holds the child while the circumcision is carried out
  • candles are lit to remember the room being lit when Moses was born
  • mohel blesses the child, the father reads the passage from the Torah and on completion of the circumcision the boy’s name is announced
  • boy is then fed by his mother and a celebratory meal is enjoyed
38
Q

What is the tradition of welcoming girls to the family?

A
  • customary to name the girl in the synagogue after the father has been called to read the Torah on the first Shabbat after her birth - congregation sings to welcome her - family provide Kiddush in celebration
  • reform Jews take the girls to Shabbat services
  • in other communities, she stays at home, where the rabbi will bless her
39
Q

What is marriage?

A
  • blessing from God
  • fulfils the commandment in Genesis ‘be fruitful and multiply’
  • Jews believe marriage is a natural state for humans and the place to bring up children
  • it is expected that all Jews marry and have children - it helps get over loneliness
40
Q

What happens in a Jewish wedding?

A
  • takes place under a wedding canopy (huppah)
  • bride and groom recite blessing over wine and give exchange rings
  • ketubah is signed before witnesses, then the rabbi gives a speech about marriage, followed by further blessings
  • after sharing a glass of wine, the groom crushes a glass underfoot
  • the couple share some private time

Religious Studies (2 decks)

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