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World Religions > Judaism and Christianity > Flashcards

Judaism and Christianity Flashcards

1
Q

70 C.E.: Romans wipe out Jerusalem and temple

-Results?

A

Dispara: Jews dispersed, formed various communities

-existed as minorities and faced persecution

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2
Q

Why did Jews face persecution during Dispara?

A
  1. “Jews killed Jesus”
  2. Jews kidnapping Christian babies (rumor)
  3. Jews started plague (rumor)
  4. Resentment from wealth
  5. Jews were different (culture, food, language)
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3
Q

Martin Luther

A

says awful things about the Jews

  • “burn down their synagogues”
  • “drive them out like mad dogs”
  • hatred was based on religious beliefs
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4
Q

Judaism is both an

A

ethnicity and religion

-born Jewish, always Jewish but different denominations

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5
Q

20th century persecution of Jews

A

Nazis: religion did not matter, “you have Jewish blood”

  • antisemitism in eugenics, some races inherently superior
  • 1933 Nazis take power and rid of Jews
  • 1935 not a real German, can’t hold government position
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6
Q

Kristallnacht

A

Nov 10th and 11th 1938

  • Jewish parents pushed to Poland, son goes to German embassy and shoots official
  • communities attacked Jewish neighbors
  • Jewish communities fined for mess of attacks by Germans
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7
Q

1942 Wannsee Conference

A
  • German military invasion, round up Jewish communities into walled ghetto
  • liquidate communities, put in box car trains
  • arrived at camps (healthy sent to labor camps, others= gas chamber)
  • prisoners buried bodies
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8
Q

How Holocaust has huge impact on modern Judaism

A
  • theodicy: how do you make sense of religion for the “chosen race/ children of God”?
  • some Jews abandon faith but kept as ethnicity
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9
Q

Divine Command Ethics

A

God tells you to do things, you do them

-10 Commandments (interpretation can get tricky)

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10
Q

Zion

A

where God dwells/ resides

-reference to Jerusalem, sometimes Israel/ temple

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11
Q

Zionism

A

late 19th century, lets recreate/ reclaim land

  • Jews bought land and territory (Palestinians= NOT happy, 150 years prior land is called Palestine and controlled by G.B.)
  • riots occur
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12
Q

1948: Israel declares

A

“we are the modern nation of Israel”

-other countries= sympathetic, let’s recognize them

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13
Q

1967: 6 Day War

A

Israel’s neighboring nations getting ready to attack Israel

  • Israel’s military= exceptional, launched strike and expanded territory into Egypt, Syria, etc.
  • endangered of neighbors attacking, had military in buffering regions (huge tensions)
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14
Q

1978 Camp David Accords

A

establish peace between Israel and Egypt

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15
Q

Characteristics of Christianity

A

comes out of Judaism

  • believe written by prophets; word of God
  • Messiah (Christ/ Savior) save people from sin
  • starts with Jews, then expands of gentiles (not Jews)
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16
Q

Christians add the New Testament to the bible

A

written by apostles (people sent by Jesus to write inspired word of God)
-4 sections: Gospels, Acts, Epistles, Revelation

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17
Q

Apostles

A

people sent by Jesus to write inspired word of God

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18
Q

4 sections of New Testament

A

Gospels, Acts, Epistles, Revelation

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19
Q

Gospels

A

biographies of Jesus

-Matthew, Mark, Luke, John (different style/ context, last one)

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20
Q

Gospels: Mark

A

earliest, shortest

  • Messianic secret
  • “Son of man”
  • at end: crucify Jesus, 3 women go to tomb and sees Jesus body is not there, women running away afraid and amazed (ends in weird place, someone tacked on an extra ending sentence)
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21
Q

Gospel: Messianic Secret in Mark

A

Jesus does not want people to know that he is Messiah (if he claims to be Messiah, commits blasphemy and people might want to kill him; would have led to alot of death and destruction)

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22
Q

“Son of Man” in Gospel Mark

A

how Jesus talks about himself

-reference to book of Daniel, uses ambiguous statement that leaves people guessing

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23
Q

In John (gospel),, Jesus makes a strong claim of

A

being divine

24
Q

Miracle in Mark (Gospel)

A

Jesus says “your sins are forgiven”

-Man gets up and walks away

25
Q

Book of Acts

A

after Jesus’s death and resurrection, vol. 2 of Luke

-Pentecost

26
Q

Pentecost

A

Jewish festival, Jews from around the world would come back to Jerusalem

  • sound of rushing wind and flames above head of disciples, spirit of God among disciples
  • Peter proclaims good news
  • people from around the world all understand Peter’s message in their own first language
27
Q

Message of the Pentecost

A

holy spirit does all of this, holy spirit works on people

28
Q

Pentecostles (Charismatics)

A

Christians focused on the gifts of spirit

-most famous gift of spirit: speaking in tongues

29
Q

Speaking in Tongues

A

spirit of God, person talks language of God

-some can heal, some can understand tongues

30
Q

Most Prevalent of Apostles in Book of Acts:

A

Paul (Saul was Jewish name)

  • blinded, serious Jewish guy, persecuted early Christians
  • becomes one of greatest missionaries
  • writes more books in bible than anyone else
31
Q

Epistles

A

letter to someone

  • most of them from Paul to give advice. instructions
  • important theme: faith alone, transformative theology, can live life of gratitude BUT people can take advantage of this
32
Q

Epistle of James

A

brother of Jesus

  • a nice letter, James says “faith without works is dead”
  • raises Q: Paul says faith only, James says both
33
Q

Responses to James being brother of Jesus

A
  • brother means cousin
  • Catholics want to maintain Mary as a virgin- held by highest standard
  • Protestants: James= half bro
34
Q

Revelation

A

final book, apocalyptic, literature about end of world

-says antichrist will rise to power

35
Q

666

A

number of the beast associated with the antichrist

-Christians have been looking for antichrist for 2000 years

36
Q

Armageddon

A

great final battle (e.g. nuclear holocaust)

37
Q

Rapture

A

God is going to suck up the righteous

-pulled into the air

38
Q

What was the first 300 years like being a Christian in Rome?

A

keep it on the D/L because you could be tortured and killed

  1. ignore other gods, emperors think bad things will happen to Rome
  2. labeled as atheist because did not believe in other gods
  3. believed to be cannibals (communion)
  4. accused of incest (brother and sister)
39
Q

Constantine

A

1st emperor to become a Christian

  • has ambition, goes to war w/ other emperor (Maxentius)
  • Chi and Rho: abbreviation of Christ, sees this in the sky and takes it as a sign; was victorious even though he was outnumbered (associated with Christianity)
  • unifies Roman empire again
  • grants religious freedom, persecutions end
  • many Christians become slackers (convert b/c a politically good move)
40
Q

The Trinity

A

God is one God, but three persons: Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit
-Arius gets condemned (only father is God), Modulism rejected too

41
Q

Arius/ Aryes

A

only father is God, Jesus is not God

  • like a star, which creates light, gives off heat
  • Jesus is distinct from the father and was the Messiah
42
Q

Modulism

A

God appears in different modes

-like water: gas, liquid, solid

43
Q

Council of Nicea

A

325; deals with the problem of how to perceive God

44
Q

Pope

A

elected leader of religious organization (Roman Catholic)

-bishop of Rome-successor of Peter (who was a disciple)

45
Q

Excathedra

A

from the chair of St. Peter

46
Q

When does Luther nail 95 Theses to church doors

A

Oct 31st 1517

47
Q

Martin Luther: Oct. 15 1517

A

Father of Reformation

  • nails 95 Theses, concerned with issue of selling indulgences
  • ALL RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY COMES FROM THE BIBLE
48
Q

Protestants

A

protest Roman Catholic Church

49
Q

Why we still have a whole bunch of Roman Catholics and then a whole bunch of splitting/ denominations

A

there is a split and own denomination everytime something is disagreed upon

  • protest Roman Catholic Church
  • all agree that authority comes from bible, but disagree on what it teaches
50
Q

Orthodox Churches

A

very traditional churches (ancient)

-oldest practices

51
Q

Council of Chalcedon

A

Is Jesus son of God?

451: Jesus is one person with 2 natures
- completely human and completely divine
- need a savior that is both human and divine

52
Q

Purgatory

A

not eternal punishment, pay for wrongdoings

-after you do time (1000s of years, go to Heaven)

53
Q

Saints

A

dead, Catholic, verified miracles

  • in presence of God
  • Catholics pray to Saints, ask to approach God for you
54
Q

Enlightenment

A

use critical thinking and empirical reasoning

  • during this time people begin to question if Moses/ prophets wrote OT
  • questioned if John wrote John of NT

-authority of church challenged

55
Q

Vatican II

A

1962-1965, where Roman Catholicism was centered

Changes:

  1. mass is now done in vernacular (language of that particular location)
  2. more friendly toward Protestants- positive attitude
  3. alter moved for community/change feels

World Religions (3 decks)

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