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RLGN 1320 pt.2 > Judaism > Flashcards

Judaism Flashcards

0
Q

where did the term Israelites come from?

A

the fact that they lived in isreal, jacob and his descendents are considered isrealites

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1
Q

what did the word “jews” come from?

A

named after judea, which is considered to be the jewish homeland

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2
Q

hebrew

A

may come from the word hab/piru, it is related to abraham and his descendants

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3
Q

semites

A

this was all the middle east people including the jews and arabs, these people were all the descendants of shem, who was one of the 3 sons of noah

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4
Q

anti semitism

A

a term that was created in the 19th century that meant prejudice against jews, even though semites were more than just jews.
- this was against the religion and the culture, not just the culture

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5
Q

monotheism

A

the belief that there is only one god, the creator of the universe. central feature of judaism. and a fundamental teaching of the torah.

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6
Q

idolatry

A

having one divine idol, in this case God, or Lord, or Yahweh

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7
Q

Torah

A

A) in the more broad sense, this means the hebrew bible as a whole, all the law and instruction of god. THE jewish scripture
B) in the more narrow sense, it is the first part of the tanakh. sometimes known as the pentateuch, which means the 5 books of moses

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8
Q

tanakh

A

has three parts and is kind of like an old testament
-it is the hebrew bible (it is actually an anthology of 24 books)
torah-law
neviim- prophets
ketuvim-writings

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9
Q

neviim

A

means prophets

-told of people that were believed to speak to god for the isrealites

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10
Q

ketuvim

A

meant writtings and was a collection of songs and prayers and advice (the book of job, proverbs, and such)

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11
Q

synagogue

A

a place of congregational worship and learning
-the modern synagogue is the heart of the religious community
-a board of directors is responsible for supervising the synagogue
-there is usually a rabbi, but not necessary
-usually the building is made to face jerusalem
-

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12
Q

rabbi

A

means teacher

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13
Q

oral torah

A

was passed down orally from generation to generation until about 220ce when it was all written down
-the pharisees were the ones that created the oral torah, it was an interpretation what rules to follow acording to the torah
-the goal of teh oral torah is to understand what God wanted them to do
-

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14
Q

creation of humanity

A

there are 2 stories

  • one is in genisis, this is where man and woman are created at the same time in the image of god and as equals
  • the second is the better known and is where eve is made out of adams rib
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15
Q

midrash

A

rabbinic commentary or interpretation of something

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16
Q

documentary hypothesis

A

the theory that dominates modern dicussions about the torah.

  • proposed in 1833 by german soldier julius wellhausen
  • states that the 5 books of moses consist of material from four different authors, and can be identified by different writting styles.
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17
Q

covenant relationship

A

there is a covenant relationship between the isrealites and God, a covenant is an agreement b\w two parties, like a contract

  • like one person gets something and another person gets something (protection, service ect.)
  • isrealites made covenants with a dietyin exchange for protection and presence in their lives
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18
Q

passover

A

commemorates the supposed liberation of the isrealites from being slaves in egypt

  • happens in spring
  • main event is a mean called seder
  • eat unleaven bread
  • there is a plate of 5-6 symbilic foods on the table
  • passover lasts 7 days (the 1st and last days are special)
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19
Q

commandment

A

a commandment is called a mitzvah, there are many in the bible

the 10 comandments (decalogue) were given to moses from God, telling the isrealites that this was their part of the covenant that they had to do for him to do his part of the covenant (protection and presence probably)

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20
Q

second temple period

A

515bce-70ce built a second temple that would stay until the romans leave jerusalem in ruins

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21
Q

mishnah

A

the written down version of the oral torah

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22
Q

sadducees

A

-came from the upperclass society
-maany were priests
-were responsible for temples and sacrifices
-they believed taht the torah was the only authoritative text
-they demanded narrow, literal interpretation of the law
-

23
Q

pharisees

A
  • wanted to apply halakhah to everyday life
  • wanted to know how to live in order to please God
  • wanted to live everyday according to the Torah
  • they thought that the entire Tanakh was worth studying
  • created the oral law, or the oral Torah
24
Q

maccabean revolt

A

in 198 bce, the seleucids took over judea

  • assimilation to greek culture was being forced
  • prohibited jewish… anything basically
  • many terrible things happened to the jews and their temples
  • some people thought that this was the
  • afterwards the hasmoneans took over from the syrians and made it ok to be jewish again
25
Q

hanukkah

A

“the festival of lights”

  • commemorates the return of the temple to the Jews by judha the maccabee and his brothers
  • celebrated by lighting a candle for 8 consecutive days and eating stuf cooked in oil because when the jews returned to the temple there was only enough oil to light the lamp for 1 day but somehow it lasted 8 days
26
Q

essenes

A

people think they are the authors of the dead sea scrolls

  • thye were a monastic community of meticiously organized priests
  • in the same way as the pharisees, they wanted to apply the bible into everyday life, but in a more rigorous manner
  • they had an “apocolyptic” world view and believed that the world was under the control of evil forces
27
Q

zealots

A

werent an organized jewish group till the 1st century ce

  • didnt want to cooperate with rome
  • told fellow jews to engage in violent rebellion (which created the first jewish revolt (66-73ce) in the course of which most of jerusalem would be destroyed and most Jews would either be killed or forced into slavery
28
Q

temple in jerusalem

A

solomons temple was destroyed by the babylonians in 586 bce, but was rebuilt after the exile
-5 centuries later it was renovated by harod the great, he made it big and beautiful

29
Q

synagogues

A

alrready existed while the temple still stood.

  • gained importance once the temple was gone
  • they are communal gathering places where jews meet to read the torah, pray and study.
30
Q

bar cochba revolt

A

the last major revolt against romann rule (happened b\w 132 and 135 ce)

  • this was the last bit of revolution from the jews, and it failed miserably
  • now all the jews were driven out of jerusalem
  • this is where jerusalem was renamed syria-palestina
31
Q

rabbi

A

teacher

  • sometimes in synagogues
  • women were said to have been excluded from rabbinic duties, but there is some evidence to state that some women did serve as heads of synagogues
  • after the bar kochba revolt judaism developed under the guidence of rabbis, they were the sucessors of the priestly leaders of the previous period
32
Q

Get

A

divorce papers issued by rabbinical court

  • the husband presents this to the wife, then a mutual consent is required
  • it stipulates a financial settlement and warrants the return of property to the wife that was rightfully hers
33
Q

hasidism

A
  • was created in the mid- eighteenth century
  • was created to counter rabbinic leaders that exaggerated the necessity of scholarship as a means of knowing God
  • the baal shem tov was the founder
  • the goal is to worship God with the heart not the head
  • the men have beards and sidelocks, and black coats and hats
  • hasidic leaders are called Tzaddikim, the tzaddik is adressed by “rebbe”
  • taught that God was everywhere and in everything
34
Q

BeShT

A
  • this is the Baal Shem Tov
  • the founder of hasidism
  • was a healer and a teacher
  • he said to worship with the heart not the head
35
Q

rebbe

A

this is the way that the hasidic people call their tzaddik

  • the rebbe is basically the rabbi for the hasidic people
  • the rebbe had to be very charismatic
  • whatever god can do the rebbe can do that too
  • they wanted a relationship with their rebbe
36
Q

kashrut

A

these are the dietary laws that jews follow, it says what to eat and what not to eat, and how to cook things and what type of things can be eaten together. things are considered kosher if they are in accordance with kashrut

37
Q

ark of the covenant

A
  • it is where the torah scrolls are kept
  • a chest containing the tablets of stone that had the 10 commandments
  • Commandments are housed in the the Ark of the Covenant which is found in the Tent of the Meeting/Sanctuary
38
Q

minyan

A

a group of ten men that some branches of jews need to make up a quorum for public prayer

39
Q

talmud

A

-an authoritative jewish text
-the basis for jewish law
-contains the oral torah and the mishnah
• Babylonian Talmud
• Law, interpretation
• Teaching of rabbis in the land of Israel and in Babylonia between 100 – 500 BCE

40
Q

canonization

A

the process of making the text authoritative

41
Q

devkus

A

clinging or cleaving to god

  • it is a method unique to asceticism
  • people thought that the rebbe was in a constant state of devekus
  • it sometimes involved prayer, singing, and dancing
  • state of attachment to God
  • attained through a personal relation with a tzaddik
  • tzaddik (rebbe): charismatic individuals whose authority is based on what are believed to be their supernatural powers
42
Q

devotionalism

A

it is a genre of religiosity that is felt with joy (ask the others about this one)

“Devotionalism refers to formal and informal relationships between human beings and sacred figures, involving an assortment of prayers, rituals, and worship practices

43
Q

ashkenazim

A

jews of central and eastern european ancestry (neither sephardim, or mizrahim)

44
Q

sephardim

A

jews of spanish portugese ancestry ( neither ashkenazim or mizrahim)

45
Q

shabbat

A

the jewish day of rest (the seventh day of the week)

  • the morning service starts early and runs for 3-4 hours
  • the evening service (friday night) is about 45m
46
Q

henotheism

A

the belief in and worship of one god, but accepting that there may be other ones that may also be worshiped

47
Q

ideology

A

the body of doctrine, myth, belief, etc, that guides a group

48
Q

ethnic tradition

A

traditions pertaining to a certain ethnic group

49
Q

sacrifice for temple religion

A

for temple religion there were 2 forms of sacrifice, animal and grain.

  • sacrifices were performed by priests
  • occasions for sacrifice were: daily, atonement, calendrical rites
  • they made sacrifices in order to attract or maintain the divine presence, for the reciprocity principle, and for purity and pollution
50
Q

prophets

A

an alleged spokesperson for God

  • person who claims to speak for some supernatural entity
  • claims to be able to predict or see into the future
  • in judaism many prophets emerge i about 750 and 450 bc
  • they were critics of the status quo, and the kingdom, and religion
51
Q

rebellion of 63-70 ce

A

this is where the romans occupied judea

  • they took over the land in 63ce
  • -the first jewish revolt
  • many jews were killed/forced into slavery
  • 2nd temple destroyed
52
Q

orthopraxy

A

correct conduct, both ethical and liturgical, as opposed to faith or grace, this is different than orthodoxy (the correct belief and ritualism)

53
Q

tent of meeting/sanctuary

A

has an inner shrine housing the ark of the covenant, and an outer chamber with a golden lamp stand, table for showbread, and altar of incense

54
Q

purity/impurity

A

The 613 commandments used to structure the Jews could not be obeyed at all times
• To atone for their sins, they would offer sacrifices or stay away from people
• Priests were expected to live by the purity regulations

55
Q

reciprocity principle

A

every gift demands a counter gift

RLGN 1320 pt.2 (2 decks)

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