Judaism Flashcards
Root word of Islam
Surrender or Submission
Muslim Meaning
One who submits
Qur’an
Primary sacred text
Direct words of Allah
Revealed to Muhammad through the archangel Gabriel
Umma
Community of all Muslims
Describe the life of Muhammad
- Born 570 AD (into leading tribe of Mecca)
- Eventually became caravan manager for wealthy widow named Khadijah
- Got married to widow and had 6 children
- Often went to Mount Hira to pray
- While praying at Mount Hira, Gabriel (angel) appears to him and tells him to recite Quran 96:1–5 (Night of Power and Excellence)
Hijra
Muhammad and his followers move from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib) in 622 AD, founding event of Umma
Sunna
Meaning “custom”
teachings and actions of Muhammad (hadith) (provides model for being Muslim)
2nd most important authority
Quraysh
Muhammad’s tribe which worshiped Allah
Sufi
Muslim Mystic
Mahdi
Savior Figure
Will come at the beginning of the Day of Judgement
Describe the Day of Judgement
- Begins when Mahdi restores world to order world and Islam
- Allah will judge all humans
- Jesus returns to Jerusalem to begin judgement
Shari’ah
Divine law derived from the Qur’an and Sunna
Encompasses all setting forth in detail how Muslims are to live
Five Pillars
Confession of Faith (Shahada)
prayer or worship
fasting during Ramadan
wealth sharing
pilgrimage to Mecca (Haji)
Ka’ba
Stone cubical structure
Located in the courtyard of the Great Mosque at Mecca
Believed to have been built by Abraham
Sacred Center of the Earth
Jihad
6th Pillar
Spiritual Struggle to become a devout Muslim
Caliphs
Successors
Military and political leaders of Umma who succeeded Muhammad
Abu Bakr
1st Caliph
Father in Law of Muhammad
Nation of Islam
Led by Elijah Muhammad, Malcom X and Louis Farrakhan
Sunni
Most popular division
Named after Sunna
Shi’i
Consolidated when Ali’s son, Husayn, was assassinated in 680 AD
Comes from word Shi’at Ali (partisans of Ali)
Division in dominant in Iraq and Iran
Originated as a result of early dispute of leadership
Distinguished from Sunni by “Iman” and strong Messianic Expectations
Ali
Cousin and son in law to Muhammad
Became Caliph and was assassinated
Death started Shi’ia islam
Husayn
Ali’s son who death further developed Shi’ia islam
Imam
Shi’ia Islam
Early sucessor to Muhammad and leader of Islam
Has spiritual insight
12 in total
all descendants of Ali and Fatima
Muhammad al-Mahdi
Hidden at a young age
Will return and bring the Day of Judgement
