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Theology Test 5 > Judaism > Flashcards

Judaism Flashcards

1
Q

Root word of Islam

A

Surrender or Submission

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2
Q

Muslim Meaning

A

One who submits

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3
Q

Qur’an

A

Primary sacred text

Direct words of Allah

Revealed to Muhammad through the archangel Gabriel

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4
Q

Umma

A

Community of all Muslims

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5
Q

Describe the life of Muhammad

A
  • Born 570 AD (into leading tribe of Mecca)
  • Eventually became caravan manager for wealthy widow named Khadijah
  • Got married to widow and had 6 children
  • Often went to Mount Hira to pray
  • While praying at Mount Hira, Gabriel (angel) appears to him and tells him to recite Quran 96:1–5 (Night of Power and Excellence)
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6
Q

Hijra

A

Muhammad and his followers move from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib) in 622 AD, founding event of Umma

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7
Q

Sunna

A

Meaning “custom”

teachings and actions of Muhammad (hadith) (provides model for being Muslim)

2nd most important authority

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8
Q

Quraysh

A

Muhammad’s tribe which worshiped Allah

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9
Q

Sufi

A

Muslim Mystic

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10
Q

Mahdi

A

Savior Figure

Will come at the beginning of the Day of Judgement

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11
Q

Describe the Day of Judgement

A
  • Begins when Mahdi restores world to order world and Islam
  • Allah will judge all humans
  • Jesus returns to Jerusalem to begin judgement
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12
Q

Shari’ah

A

Divine law derived from the Qur’an and Sunna

Encompasses all setting forth in detail how Muslims are to live

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13
Q

Five Pillars

A

Confession of Faith (Shahada)

prayer or worship

fasting during Ramadan

wealth sharing

pilgrimage to Mecca (Haji)

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14
Q

Ka’ba

A

Stone cubical structure

Located in the courtyard of the Great Mosque at Mecca

Believed to have been built by Abraham

Sacred Center of the Earth

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15
Q

Jihad

A

6th Pillar

Spiritual Struggle to become a devout Muslim

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16
Q

Caliphs

A

Successors

Military and political leaders of Umma who succeeded Muhammad

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17
Q

Abu Bakr

A

1st Caliph

Father in Law of Muhammad

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18
Q

Nation of Islam

A

Led by Elijah Muhammad, Malcom X and Louis Farrakhan

19
Q

Sunni

A

Most popular division

Named after Sunna

20
Q

Shi’i

A

Consolidated when Ali’s son, Husayn, was assassinated in 680 AD

Comes from word Shi’at Ali (partisans of Ali)

Division in dominant in Iraq and Iran

Originated as a result of early dispute of leadership

Distinguished from Sunni by “Iman” and strong Messianic Expectations

21
Q

Ali

A

Cousin and son in law to Muhammad

Became Caliph and was assassinated

Death started Shi’ia islam

22
Q

Husayn

A

Ali’s son who death further developed Shi’ia islam

23
Q

Imam

A

Shi’ia Islam

Early sucessor to Muhammad and leader of Islam

Has spiritual insight

12 in total

all descendants of Ali and Fatima

24
Q

Muhammad al-Mahdi

A

Hidden at a young age

Will return and bring the Day of Judgement

25
Q

Ayatollah Khomeini

A

Shiite religious leader of Iran

Led 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran

26
Q

Sufi

A

Founder is Al-Ghazali

Form of Islam that is mystical

Mystical approach to Allah (experienced inwardly)

Name refers to Suf which is a coarse wool garment

27
Q

al-Hallaj

A

Sufi crucified in 922 for saying” I am the Real”

Saying he was God

28
Q

Shaykh

A

Teacher or Master

29
Q

Al-fana

A

Extinction

leaving one’s sense of separate existence before achieving union with Allah

Goal of Sufi mystics

30
Q

Rumi

A

Sufi poet

31
Q

Tariga

A

Group of Sufis

32
Q

Holy House

A

Dome of the Rock

33
Q

Saladin

A

Muslim general who retook Jerusalem in the first crusade

34
Q

Suleyman

A

First Sultan of Ottoman Empire (Founder) (1500’s) (Constantinople)

35
Q

Mogul

A

Islamic empire in India

36
Q

Mogul

A

Islamic empire in India

37
Q

Hezbollah

A

Terrorist Shi’ite group in Iran

38
Q

Wahabi

A

Racial fundamentalist group founded in Saudi Arabia (1700 and 1800’s)

Osama Bin Laden was a follower

39
Q

Attaturk

A

Modernized Turkey into secular modern state

40
Q

Al-Queda

A

Saudi Arabia

Came from Muja-Hadin group of tribal leaders that pushed the U.S.S.R out of Afghanistan

41
Q

Boko Haram

A

Islamic terrorists in Nigeria

42
Q

Al Shabal

A

terrorist group in Somalia

43
Q

Fatwa

A

Formal Shi’ia Islamic decree against blasphemer

44
Q

Salmon Rushdie

A

Indian author who upset Muslims, resulting in a Fatwa being placed on him

Theology Test 5 (2 decks)

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