JRCALC drugs

Question 1

Adrenaline

Answer 1

1:10000 - increases coronary and cerebral perfusion during cardiac arrest
1:1000 (IM) - reverses bronchospasm and vasodilation

Question 2

Amiodarone

Answer 2

Anti-arrhythmic
Decreases myocyte excitability preventing re-entry and decreases likelihood of tachy-arrhythmias

Question 3

Atropine Sulphate

Answer 3

Increases heart rate by blocking vagal activity in sinus bradycardia

Question 4

Aspirin

Answer 4

NSAID - reduces pain and fever

Question 5

Benzylpenicillin

Answer 5

Antibiotic used for meningococcal septicaemia

Question 6

Clorphenamine

Answer 6

Antihistamine (H2 agonist)
Blocks effect of histamine during allergic reactions

Question 7

Co-amoxiclav

Answer 7

Antibiotic used as prophylactic for open fractures

Question 8

Dexamethasone

Answer 8

Binds to corticosteroid receptors and interacts with DNA to reduce inflammation
Croup

Question 9

Diazepam

Answer 9

Management of seizures - longer than 5 minutes OR x3 episodes within an hour and currently convulsing

Question 10

Furosemide

Answer 10

Loop diuretic
Reduces fluid overload

Question 11

Glucagon

Answer 11

Synthetic version of endogenous hormone
Converts stored glycogen to glucose for normal cellular respiration

Question 12

Glucose 10%

Answer 12

Directly raises plasma glucose levels

Question 13

Glucogel

Answer 13

Buccal/sublingual absorption
Raises plasma glucose levels
Must be GCS 15

Question 14

Glyceryl trinitrate

Answer 14

Potential vasodilator reducing cardiac preload
Dilation of systemic veins and coronary arteries

Question 15

Hydrocortisone

Answer 15

Glucocorticoid steroid response ->
Reduces inflammation

Question 16

Ibuprofen

Answer 16

NSAID
Reduces prostaglandins -> reducing inflammation and pain

Question 17

Ipratropium bromide

Answer 17

Blocks action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors
Decreases contraction of smooth muscle and Bronchoconstriction

Question 18

Misoprostol

Answer 18

Synthetic proastaglandin analogue
Binds to Myometrium cells leading to contractions and expulsion of tissue
PPH

Question 19

Morphine sulphate

Answer 19

Opioid used for pain relief

Question 20

Naloxone

Answer 20

Binds to opioid receptors blocking their action

Question 21

Ondansetron

Answer 21

Anti- emetic treatment of nausea and vomiting
SSR agonist

Question 22

Paracetamol

Answer 22

Metabolic pathways which are involved in analgesic and antipyretic actions

Question 23

Salbutamol

Answer 23

Short acting B2 agonist
Causes smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation

Question 24

Sodium chloride 0.9%

Answer 24

Isotonic fluids for replacing fluids during hypovolaemia

Question 25

Tranexamic acid

Answer 25

Antifibrinolytic
Inhibits plasminogen activation to plasmin which dissolves blood clots