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Paramedic JRCALC Drugs > Jrcalc - Drug Know How > Flashcards

Jrcalc - Drug Know How Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the presentation of midazolam

A

Oral solution

2.5, 5, 7.5, 10mg

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2
Q

What is the max dose for ipratropium bromide

A

500mcg in 2ml

One max dose

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3
Q

What is the recommended oxygen need for effective nebulisation

A

6-8 litres

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4
Q

What is the dosage of ipratropium bromide

A

500mcg in 2ml

One dose = max dose

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5
Q

In COPD patients nebuliser should be limited to how much time

A

6 minutes before reassessment

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6
Q

Side effects of ipratropium bromide

A

Proxmal chest tightness

Allergic reaction

Tachycardia

Sickness

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7
Q

What is the action of ipratropium bromide

A

Bronchodilator - by working as a antimuscarinic

May have more benefit in paediatric asthma / adult COPD

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8
Q

What are the indicators for ipratropium bromide

A

Asthma - life threatening/ moderate

Asthma/ COPD - non responsive to salbutamol

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9
Q

Ibuprofen can be given with caution in which patient apart from asthma patients

A

Chron/ ulcerative colitis - may cause exacerbation

Patient with coagulation problems

Hypertension

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10
Q

what are the Contraindications for ibuprofen

A

Hypovolemic

Kidney problems

Gi problem - ulcers

Pregnancy - last 1/3

Chickenpox (children)

Allergic

If they had any other NSAID

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11
Q

What should a clinician make sure a patient has eaten before giving ibuprofen.(NSAID)

A

As this drug disrupts the gastric lining causing ulcers - eat first = that creates a barrier

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12
Q

What drug should be given to asthma patient with caution

A

Asprin and ibuprofen (NSAIDS) due to chance of bronchoconstriction

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13
Q

What are the action of ibuprofen

A

Anti-pyrexia

Analgesia

Anti inflammatory*****

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14
Q

What is the indicator for ibuprofen

A

Pain

Pyrexia with discomfort

Soft tissue injury’s

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15
Q

What is the maximum dosage for ibuprofen

A

1.2g

3× 400mg dosage = 1.2g

3 dosage in a 24hour period

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16
Q

What is the dosage interval for ibuprofen

A

8 hours

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17
Q

What is the dosage of ibuprofen

A

400mg

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18
Q

Is there a repeat dosage after the initial 200mg of hydrocortisone in patient with anaphylaxis

A

No

One max dose

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19
Q

Is there a repeat dosage after the initial 100mg of hydrocortisone in patient with life threatening asthma

A

No

One max dose

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20
Q

What is the dosage of hydrocortisone for patients in anaphylaxis

A

200mg in 2ml
200mg in 4ml

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21
Q

What is the dosage of hydrocortisone of patients in life threatening asthma

A

100mg given over 2 minutes IV PREFERABLY

Or

IM

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22
Q

Is there a toxic dose for hydrocortisone

A

No

HOWEVER

Under PGD’s there is a max dosage

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23
Q

Which patient should be administered IM hydrocortisone

A

Those with suspected adrenal insufficient

Those who are at risk of adrenal insufficient such as patients who are unwell due to long term steroid use

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24
Q

When should hydrocortisone be administered in patient with confirmed adrenal crisis

A

As soon as - prior to conveyance

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25
Q

If the clinician is unsure if the patient is suffering from adrenal insufficient- should they administer hydrocortisone

A

Yes - preferably intra muscular

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26
Q

How should hydrocortisone be administered in patient with confirmed adrenal crisis

A

Intravenous

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27
Q

What are the indicators for hydrocortisone

A

Anaphylaxis

Adrenal crisis / addersonian crisis

Life threatening asthma

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28
Q

What is the dose interval of GTN for patient experience breathlessness due to heart failure (pulmonary odema )

A

5-10 minutes

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29
Q

How can you as the clinician increase the absorption rate of GTN

A

By ensuring oral mucosa is moiste

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30
Q

How is hydrocortisone prepared

A

100mg of hydrocortisone powder is mixed with 2ml of water

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31
Q

What must be considered and checked between dosages of GTN

A

Blood pressure - further dosage can only be given if blood pressure threshold are met

90mmgh for ACS

110mmcg for heart failure

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32
Q

What is the maximum dosage of GTN for patient experience breathlessness due to heart failure (pulmonary odema )

A

2.4mg which is equal to 6 sprays

400mcg ×6 = 2.4mg

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33
Q

What is the dosage of GTN for patient experience breathlessness due to heart failure (pulmonary odema )

A

400-800mcg = 1-2 sprays

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34
Q

What is the maximum dosage of GTN For patients experiencing ACS

A

No limit

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35
Q

What is the dosage interval for GTN in patient experience ACS

A

5-10 minutes

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36
Q

What is the dosage of GTN for patient experience ACS

A

400-800mcg which is equal to 1-2 sprays
Every 5-10 minutes along as BP is above 90mmgh systolic

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37
Q

What are the contraindications of GTN

A

to much GTN can cause cardiac arrest

Stopping vein (in) unconscious heart patient

S - stenosis (mitral / aortic)

V - volume (hypovolemia)

In

U - unconscious patients

H - head trauma

P - pressure - hypotensive

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38
Q

When should GTN be given with caution

A

Patient with suspected posterior or inferior wall myocardial infarction (MI) DUE TO right MAIN OCCULSION- WHICH AFFECT RIGHT VENTRICLE causing hypotension

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39
Q

What are the consequences of the action of GTN

A

Reduced Blood pressure

Reduced cardiac spasm

Reduced preload

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40
Q

What are the action of GTN

A

Vasodilation of :

Coronary arteries : reducing cardiac spasm

Veins : reducing pre-load

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41
Q

What are the indicator for GTN

A

Cardiac chest pain - angina / MI where the systolic BP is above 90mmgh

Breathlessness due to pulmonary odema in heart failure when systolic BP is above 110mmgh

Patient with suspect cocaine toxicity

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42
Q

What is the presentation of GTN and for bonus points - what does each subunit dose contain

A

Spray

Bonus point - each spray contain 400mcg

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43
Q

What does GTN stand for

A

Glycern trinitrate

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44
Q

What is the site of absorbution for GTN

A

Sublingual - under the tongue

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45
Q

What classification of drug is morphine

A

Opioid

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46
Q

What is the maximum dosage for glucose 40%

A

20g

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47
Q

What are the contraindications for glucose 10%

A

IM OR SUBCUT administration

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48
Q

Why should you flush the IV line after administrating glucose 10%

A

As glucose causes irritation to the vein if stagnant next to it

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49
Q

What is the administration site for glucose 40% - and for double point how is it ABSORBED

A

Oral - absorbed by buccal routes

Buccal = gums

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50
Q

What is the presentation of glucose 40%

A

Plastic tube - containing 25g

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51
Q

What is the indication for glucose 40%

A

hypoglycaemia where there isn’t any risk of aspirations or choking

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52
Q

How many dosages of glucose 10% maybe given. And what is the maximum dosage

A

3 dosages maybe give of 10g glucose mixed in 100ml = 300ml max

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53
Q

What is the dose interval of glucose 10%

A

5 minutes

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54
Q

What is the initial dosage of glucose 10%

A

10g glucose mixed in 100ml

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55
Q

If a hypoglycemic patient with a reduced GCS starts improving with glucose 10% - should glucose be continued

A

Glucose 10% should be titrated to normal GCS

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56
Q

If a unconscious hypoglycaemic patient hasn’t shown any improvement to glucose 10% when can a second dose be given.

A

5 minutes

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57
Q

How does glucose 10% work

A

By giving sugar/glucuse straight into the blood stream

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58
Q

What is the difference between glucose 10% and glucose 40%

A

10% is a liquid form

40% is gel form

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59
Q

What drug can be given to unconscious patient who are hypoglycaemic and aren’t responding to glucagon

A

Glucose 10%

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60
Q

When is glucose 10% indicated

A

in hypoglycaemia ( sugar level below 4.0) where glucose gel isn’t possible - rapid improvement is required

Unconscious patient with suspected hypoglycaemic cause

In patient who haven’t responded to to glucagon after 10 minutes

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61
Q

When is atropine indicated

A

Symptomatic bradycardia such as

Absolute bradycardia (40BPM OR LESS)

Bradycardia post ROSC

Inadequate perfusion -which causes confusion

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62
Q

What is the presentation of glucagon

A

1mg POWDER to be mixed with water

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63
Q

What is the dosage for glucagon

A

1mg

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64
Q

How can you check the effectiveness of glucagon

A

By checking blood sugar level after 10-15 mins

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65
Q

How many time can glucagon be administered

A

Once

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66
Q

When administration furosemide how long should it be transfused into the system

A

2 minutes

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67
Q

What is the preference of first line benzodiazepine to patients that are convulsing

A

Midazolam - as this save time due to diazepam has to be given IV/IO or rectally.

Midazolam can be administered buccal

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68
Q

Should benzodiazepine be given as a preventive measure

A

NEVER. patient MUST be convulsing to receive benzodiazepine

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69
Q

Why is it best practice to have a BVM on hand for patients that have ingested benzodiazepine or opioids

A

Due to the risk of respiratory arrest

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70
Q

How long do eclamptic convulsions have to last before diazepam can be administered

A

Start treatment if seizure last over 2-3 minutes.

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71
Q

What are the dosage of adminstration for chlorphenamine parentally

A

10mg in 1ml - only one max dose

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72
Q

What is the presentation of chlorphenamine

A

10mg in 1ml - ampoule

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73
Q

Presentation of adrenaline 1:1000

A

Ampoule - ready to draw up

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74
Q

Presentation of atropine

A

Ampoule - ready to draw up

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75
Q

What is a common side effect of benzodiazepine

A

Respiratory arrest - this is more common if the patient has had alcohol

Hypotension

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76
Q

What are the indicators for Chlorphenamine

A

Allergic reaction which fall short of anaphylaxis

Alleviate symptoms after initial treatment of anaphylaxis

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77
Q

Second plus dose for atropine

A

600mcg in 1ml

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78
Q

Initial dose of atropine

A

600mcg In 1ml

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79
Q

Route of administration of aspirin

A

Oral - dispersible or chewed

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80
Q

Route of administration of aspirin

A

Oral - dispersible or chewed

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81
Q

How should glucagon be administered

A

Intramuscular

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82
Q

When is glucagon indicated

A

Hypoglycaemia - known or suspected (in unconscious patients). Sugar level below 4.0

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83
Q

What is the dosage for furosemide

A

40mg in 4ml

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84
Q

What is the second dosage of diazepam for adults

A

10mg in 2ml

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85
Q

What classification of drug is available for paramedic to administer to patients that are convulsing (seizures)

A

Benzodiazepine

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86
Q

What are the indicators for Diazepam

A

Patient who have had convulsions which have lasted 5 minutes or more

Patient who have had 3 or more convulsions in an hour

Patient MUST be convulsing at time of administration

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87
Q

What is the dosage for benzylpenicillin parental (IV/ IO)

A

1.2 gram in 20ml

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88
Q

What are the contraindications for benzylpenicillin

A

Known severe allergic reaction -

simple rash doesn’t count as severe

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89
Q

Presentation of amiodarone

A

Prefilled syringe 💉

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90
Q

Actions of atropine

A

Blocks vagal activity

Improve A-V conduction

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91
Q

What are the different parental route for administration of chlorphenamine

A

IM, IV ,IO

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92
Q

What is the maximum dosage of diazepam for adults

A

20 milligrams

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93
Q

When is active charcoal indicated

A

When a toxin has been injected one hour prior to clinicians arrival or under direction of Toxbase

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94
Q

What is the first line treatment for hypoglycaemia

A

Glucose gel ( glucose 40%)

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95
Q

In which group of patients is glucagon sometimes ineffective

A

Young and elderly due to malnourished therefore lack of glycogen to turn to glucose

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96
Q

What is the pharmacological effect of glucagon

A

Converts glycogen to glucose

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97
Q

Which condition should be met to administer glucagon apart from hypoglycaemia

A

When glucose gel is ineffective or not possible to administer and IV isn’t possible (to administer glucose)

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98
Q

What are the contraindications for furosemide

A

Under 18yrs old

Cariogenic shock

99
Q

What are the actions of furosemide

A

Diuretic

100
Q

What are the indicators for furosemide

A

Pulmonary Oedema due to heart failure

101
Q

What is the contraindications for diazepam

A

Hypersensitivity

102
Q

What is the first dosage of diazepam for adults

A

10mg in 2ml

103
Q

If the patient stop convulsing during the administration of benzodiazepine, should the clinician continue to finish giving the dosage

A

Yes

104
Q

What is the duration that benzodiazepine must be given apart

A

10 minutes

105
Q

What is a common side affect of opioids

A

Respiratory arrest

Hypotension

106
Q

Why should a paramedic ask parents or carers if they have administered any medication to a patient suffering from convulsions

A

Parents or guardian may have administered

benzodiazepine, this will be classified as the first dose

107
Q

What drug can be administered for symptomatic cocaine toxicity ( cheat pain, hypertension, convulsions)

A

Diazapam

GTN

108
Q

Whats the names of Benzodiazepine that are available to UK paramedics

A

Diazapam & Midazolam

109
Q

How should chlophenamine be given IV

A

Slowly over a duration of 1 minute

110
Q

What are the contraindications of chlorphenamine

A

Allergy’s to this drug

Patient who are being treated with MAOIs

111
Q

What is the dosage for benzylpenicillin intramuscular

A

1.2g in 4ML

This dosage should be spread over 2 sites

112
Q

Indication for benzylpenicillin

A

Suspect meningitis

Suspected due to sign and symptoms such as non - blanching Rash

113
Q

What is the presentation of benzylpenicillin

A

600mg in 1.2g POWDER in a vial

114
Q

Max dose for atropine

A

3mg = 5 dosage

600mcg ×5 = 3mg

115
Q

Dose intervals for atropine

A

3-5 minutes

116
Q

What is the Contraindications for atropine

A

Bradycardia due to hypothermia 🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶

117
Q

Presentation of adrenaline 1:10,000

A

Prefilled syringe 💉

118
Q

Presentation of aspirin

A

Tablet

119
Q

When is aspirin contraindicated (Hauls)

A

HAULS

H emophiliacs

Allergy

Under 16 years old - causes Reyes disease

Liver failure with jaundice

Stomach- active GI bleed

120
Q

When is aspirin indicated

A

Clinical or ECG evidence of ischemia or myocardial infarction (MI)

121
Q

What is the dose of aspirin

A

300mg

122
Q

What are the pharmological actions of amiodarone

A

Increase cardiac potential thus increases refractory period. Blocks sodium and potassium channels.

123
Q

When can adrenaline 1:10,000 not be administered during a cardiac arrest

A

When patient core temperature is less than 30° degrees 🥶

124
Q

What is the duration of activation for paracetamol

A

4-6 hours

125
Q

What is the max dose for adrenaline 1:10,000

A

No max dose

126
Q

What is the pharmological action of adrenaline

A

Stimulates alpha receptors (vasoconstriction and increased contractility of the myocardium) and beta receptor (bronchodilator)

127
Q

When is adrenaline 1:10,000 indicated during a cardiac arrest

A

Non shockable - straight away or after the third shock in consecutive shocks

128
Q

What is the time duration of adrenaline 1:10,000 for patient who are hypothermic (30-34.9° degrees)

A

6-10 minutes ( duration is doubled )

129
Q

What is the dose for amiodarone after the 5th shock

A

150mg in 10ml

130
Q

What is the route of administration for adrenaline 1:10,000

A

Parental - IV or IO

131
Q

What is the route of adrenaline 1:1000

A

IM - intramuscular

132
Q

What are the different presentations of paracetamol available to UK paramedics

A

Iv (mixture of 1g in 250ml saline) or oral (2×500mg tablets)

133
Q

What is the dosage of paracetamol

A

1g

134
Q

How is salbutamol administrated

A

Nebuliser

135
Q

What is the dosage for adrenaline 1:1000 and following dosages if its recommended

A

500mcg with following dosage at same dosage

136
Q

What is the duration for nebulator treatment in COPD patients

A

6 minutes - then reassess

137
Q

What is the duration interval for adrenaline 1:10,000

A

3-5 minutes

138
Q

What’s is the dose of active charcoal

A

50g in 250ml - only one administration allowed

139
Q

What is classified as a acute paracetamol overdose and how can a paramedic treat it

A

4mg+ in one hour /
or your full daily dosages 24 hour in one hour = treatment active charcoal

140
Q

In which situation is salbutamol indicated

A

Expiratory wheeze, exacerbation of COPD / Asthma

141
Q

In which situations is hydrocortisone indicated

A

Anaphylaxis or adrenal crisis or life threatening asthma

142
Q

In what situation is adrenaline 1:10,000 indicated

A

Cardiac arrest

143
Q

In which situation is adrenaline 1:1000 indicated

A

Life threatening asthma or anaphylaxis

144
Q

what is the max dose for adrenaline 1:1000

A

no max dose

145
Q

What is the dose of amiodarone after the 3rd shock

A

300mg in 10ml

146
Q

What is the dose for amiodarone after the first shock

A

0

147
Q

What are the indicators for midazolam

A

Patient who are ACTIVELY convulsing
Who also meet the following criteria:
Convulsion lasting 5 mins +
3+ convulsion in one hour

148
Q

Under what laws and conditions apart from clinical presentation can a paramedic administer midazolam

A

Under PGD or if a patient has there own prescription under then it must be administered according to the prescribed instructions or care plan

149
Q

What are the action of midazolam
Bonus point : what is the onset of action for those actions

A

Anti- convulsion -5 minutes
Sedative - after 15 minutes

150
Q

Are there any contraindications for midazolam

A

None EXPECT indicators must be met

151
Q

What are the side affects of midazolam

A

Hypotension
Respiratory arrest
Amnesia
Reduced gcs - can cause airway probs

152
Q

What are drugs that can reach peak effect for stopping seizures

A

Midazolam and diazepam

153
Q

What is the only route of adminstration for miazolam to UK paramedics

A

Buccal

154
Q

What is the initial dosage of miazolam for adults

A

10mg in a pre filled 2ml syringe

155
Q

What is the dose interval between adminstration of midazolam

A

10 minutes

156
Q

What is the second dosage of midazolam in adults

A

10 mg in a pre filled 2ml syringe 💉

157
Q

How many times can a paramedic administer midazolam to adults in the UK -
Bonus points : what is the max dose

A

2 times
Max dose 20mg
So 2× 10mg dosages in pre filled 2ml syringe 💉

158
Q

What is the maximum dosage for adminstration of midazolam in adults

A

20mg

159
Q

What is the indicator for misoprostol

A

Post partum haemorrhage - WITHIN 24HOUR OF BIRTH, and can’t be control by utrine massage

Life threatening bleed(500ML +) (obstetric) - less than 24 week and miscarriage MUST be confirmed (SEEN)

160
Q

What is misopeostol used for

A

Bleed post and pre birth but must follow strict indication
24 week or less - with confined miscarriages + life threatening bleed

Major bleed - post birth within 24 hours

161
Q

When should misoprostol be used as a first line treatment

A

POST partum hemorrhage in pt with pre-eclampsia or hypertension (140/90+)

162
Q

What is the action of misoprostol

A

Stimulates utrine contractions

163
Q

How long does misoprostol take to work ( onset of action)

A

7-10 minutes

164
Q

What are the contraindications for misoprostol

A
  • Bleeding with fetus in womb
  • In labour prior to birth
    -Allergy’s
    Bleeding post 24 hours of birth
165
Q

How is misoprostol delivered ( route of administration)

A

Sublingually (preferred)
Rectal

166
Q

What is the initial dose of misoprostol

A

800mcg

167
Q

What is the maximum dosage for misoprostol

A

800mcg - max dose

168
Q

What is the presentation of misoprostol

A

Tablet

169
Q

What is the presentation of morphine sulfate available to paramedic on UK ambulances
** BONUS POINT FOR DOSAGES**

A

Morphine ampoule ( 10mg/1ml)
Oromorph - 10mg/5ml)

170
Q

What are the indicators for morphine sulfate

A

severe pain( such as trauma or MI) or movements up following the analgesia ladder

171
Q

Can ambulance morphine be given for end of life

A

Yes
But you should try to give patients own prescription first

172
Q

In which situation can ambulance morphine be given in end of life

A
  • When patient own pain or breathlessness medication hasn’t been prescribed yet.
    Their supply of morphine has ran out
  • medication is present but without a patient specific document which is to be signed by a independent prescriber
173
Q

What should a paramedic do before giving morphine to end of life patients ( when they are actively dieing)

A

Consult with palliative care or nursing teams to discuss if anticipatory medication are in place

174
Q

What do guidelines state about. Breathlessness and morphine in end of life patients

A

Patient must be breathlessness which causes distress.
The clinician MUST address and investigate any potential causes first
And then morphine can be administered

175
Q

What are the action of morphine

A

Strong opioid analgesia
Sedative, analgesia, euphoria (feel high)

176
Q

Why can morphine or other opioids causes hypotension

A

This drug triggers the body to produce histamine - which causes vasodilation.
Thus hypotension

177
Q

What are the contraindications for morphine sulfate

A

Respiratory arrest - under 10RR or 20 in kids
Under 1 years old
Hypotension - under 90 systolic
Head injury with reduced GCS (9 or less)
Allergy

178
Q

What is the special guidelines for morphine administration in end of life patients

A

If the clinician confirm patient is in their final moment - General contraindications DO NOT apply - as we are their to remove symptoms to aid pain free death and the benefits outways the risk

179
Q

What is the best route to administer mophine in end of life patients

A

Subcutaneous - as it reduces the risk of side effects ( even tho these don’t apply as the need for mophine outways the risk )

180
Q

When should a paramedic administer morphine with caution - and in small subunit dosages

A

-Known severe liver or kidney impairment
-Pregnancy - NOT TO BE GIVEN IN LABOUR
-chest injury - with breathing issues ( but can also improve breathing issue if it’s pain based 😂😂)
- head injury ( if it’s a ICP (then can increase aterial poca2 thus increasing ICP)
-Alcohol as it’s a nerve suppressant paired with morphine a suppressant

181
Q

Morphine can be given to 4 types of patients but with care. Bonus point why

A

Head injury - icp
Chest injury - respiratory arrest
Kidney / liver failure - clearing
Drunk patient - nerve supress

182
Q

What are the side effects of morphine sulfate

A

Respiratory depression/ arrest
Cardiovascular depression
Drowsiness
Pupil constriction
Nausea and vomiting 🤮

183
Q

What must be an end of life patients blood pressure when administering morphine

A

In the final days to hours the blood pressure maybe below 90mmgh - it doesn’t matter as we are there to control symptoms.
Try using there anticipatory pack first
Check prior dosage - to not overdose

184
Q

What does the law state about morphine

A

It’s a class A CONTROLLED drug, it MUST be securely stored and it’s movement TRACKED.

185
Q

What does the law say about the disposal of Morphine

A

It must be disposed off (duped) in the presence of a witness

186
Q

What is the indication for dexamethasone

A

Croup

187
Q

What are the actions of dexamethasone

A

Steroid - reduces inflammation of subglottis

188
Q

If the procedure of administration of dexamethasone irrates the child what should the clinician do

A

STOP - as this may increase airway compromise

189
Q

When is the criteria for TXA administration

A

Patient triggering local major trauma criteria
Head injury with GCS of less than 12
Patient with suspected or known internal hermitage
Post partum hemmorage
Bleeding due to obstetrics
External hemmorage

190
Q

If severe bleeding is suspect or known when should TXA be given by

A

Within 3 hours

191
Q

What is the difference between classification and schedule for drug

A

Classification is based upon how dangerous the drug is to society
Schedule is based on its medicinal benefits

192
Q

How should morphine be prepared for IV

A

Diluted by sodium chloride 0.9% to make 10mg in 10ml

193
Q

What are the indications for morphine

A

Severe pain
First choice for an mi

194
Q

What are the indications for morphine

A

Severe pain
First choice for an mi

195
Q

Can morphine be given for pregnancy

A

Yes but in short dosages
Not for labour pains

196
Q

Can morphine be given for pregnancy

A

Yes but in short dosages
Not for labour pains

197
Q

What is the main side effect of morphine - what can you give to reduce the effects of this

A

Nausea and vomiting consider on downsetron

198
Q

In end of life care, were morphine has been administered when should a paramedic administer counter medication

A

Where toxicity is believed such as respiratory depression below 8 breath for a minute

199
Q

How should morphine iv be reconstituted

A

With sodium chlooride 0.9% to make 10 milligrams in 10 mil

200
Q

How should morphine be administers concentration dosage

A

10 mg into 10mil
10 minutes adminster IV
If pain persists further 2ml every 5 mins till 20mg limit met

201
Q

How is the locks on hydrochloride constituted

A

400mcg in 1ml

202
Q

What are the indications for narcan
And it’s pharmacological action

A

Reversal of opiods
Unconsciousness caused by respiratory depression
Cardiac arrest due to opioids
Somebody who has been involved with anaesthetics

203
Q

What are the indications for narcan
And it’s pharmacological action

A

Reversal of opiods
Unconsciousness caused by respiratory depression
Cardiac arrest due to opioids
Somebody who has been involved with anaesthetics

204
Q

What are the contraindications for narcan

A

Neonates born to opiate addicted moms

205
Q

What are the contraindications for narcan

A

Neonates born to opiate addicted moms

206
Q

In what different routes can narcan be administered

A

IM SUBCUT IV IO

207
Q

In what different routes can narcan be administered

A

IM SUBCUT IV IO

208
Q

In what different routes can narcan be administered

A

IM SUBCUT IV IO

209
Q

Should patients who have been administered narcan the transported to hospital and why

A

Yes
Narcan has a short half life of 30 mins
So further doseage maybe required

210
Q

Should patients we have overdosed on methadone be transported to hospital even though narcan has been the administered

A

Yes as it takes methodone 8 hours to leave the system + they are high risk of death due to respiratory arrest

211
Q

For patients who have taken methadone and refuse hospital conveyance with capacity - what should the clinician do

A

Leave them with a responsible adult
A loafing dose maybe administered 800mcg of narcan

212
Q

What is methadone what is the hard life line

A

A synthetic opioid that is used to help wean people of opioids
Duration is 15 minutes of 60 minutes

213
Q

How should narcan be prepared for IV ( adult ) opioid depends

A

Gain 800 micrograms of narcan (two bottles) with 8ml of sodium chlorides = total volume 10ml

1ml given titrated to effect- kindly some patients in a groggy state ( violent or dependant )

214
Q

What is the dosages for narcan
Duration apart
Max dosage

A

400 micrograms followed by an addition 400 micrograms three minutes apart
Max dosage 4000mcg

215
Q

What is the dosage for narcan in opioid-based cardiac arrest
Duration apart
Max dose

A

400 micrograms
800 micrograms 1 minute apart
Max dose 10,000 micrograms

216
Q

What is the composition of nitrous oxide / entenox

A

50% oxygen 50% nitrous oxide

217
Q

What are the contraindications for nitrous oxide or antiox (HOPS)

A

H ( head injury - reduced GCS)
O ( obstruction bowel )
P( physictric PT - disturbed
S( decompression sickness - diving )

218
Q

What are the indications for nitrous oxide and Knox

A

Labour pains or moderate severe pains

219
Q

What are the indications for nitrous oxide and Knox

A

Labour pains or moderate severe pains

220
Q

How long does it take before antenox reaches a analgesic effect

A

5 to 10 minutes

221
Q

What are the indications for ondansetron

A

Nausa or vomiting

222
Q

What are the indications for ondansetron

A

Nausa or vomiting

223
Q

What are the contraindications for ondansetron

A

Known allergies
Under 1-month-old
Prolong qtc interval 500 milliseconds

224
Q

If a patient has been administered on dance Tron should they be left at home

A

It is possible but further investigations must be sought clinicion must seek further assistance before leaving at home with ondanzitron

225
Q

What is the dosage for ondanzatron

A

4 mg no repeat dosages

226
Q

What is the dosage for ondanzatron

A

4 mg no repeat dosages

227
Q

What are contraindications for oxygen

A

Explosive environments

228
Q

What are the indications for paracetamol

A

Pain relief
High temperature that is causing discomfort

229
Q

What are the indications for salbutamol

A

Exacerbation of COPD or asthma
Expiratory wheeze

230
Q

What are the indications for salbutamol

A

Exacerbation of COPD or asthma
Expiratory wheeze

231
Q

What are the pharmacological actions of salbutamol

A

Beatitude adrenal receptor releases bronco construction

232
Q

What are the contraindications for salbutamol.

A

Non in emergency

233
Q

What is the duration that nebulisation maybe given to COPD PT

A

6 mins

234
Q

When should salbutamol be stopped

A

Once a therapeutic affect has been achieved
Side effects become excessive such as tremors or tachycardia above 140 bpm

235
Q

What is the adult dosage for salbutamol

A

5 mg with 6 to 8 litres of oxygen

236
Q

What are the indications for sodium chloride 0.9%- fluids

A

Crush injury
Dehydration
Major trauma - maintain permissive hypotension
Burns
Maintaing - 100mmgh systolic BP

237
Q

What are the indications for sodium chloride 0.9%- fluids

A

Crush injury
Dehydration
Major trauma - maintain permissive hypotension
Burns
Maintaing - 100mmgh systolic BP

238
Q

What are the indications for syntomatrine

A

Postpartum henridge within 24 hours of birth with no relief from utrine massage
Life threatening bleeding with confirmed miscarriage

239
Q

What are the pharmacological actions of
syntomatrine

A

Stimulates utrine contractions
Take 7 minutes to work

240
Q

What are the contraindications for syntomatrine

A

Bleeding during labour
IF THE BABY IS IN SITO !!! CAN CAUSE MISCARRIAGE!!!!
Severe eclampsia

241
Q

If a condition arrives to a lady who has postpartum hemorrhage within last 24 hours what drugs can be administered and if so can they be administered together

A

Misoprostol and syntomatrine they must be administered 15 minutes apart if required

242
Q

What is the dosage forsyntomatrine under which of administration

A

500mcg with 5 units of oxytocin
IM

243
Q

What is the dosage for amidodrone and adrenaline in cardiac arrest for a child

A

5mcg per kg - amidodrone ( same dosage for 3+5th shock
10mcg per kg - adrenaline

Paramedic JRCALC Drugs (4 decks)

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