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Paramedic JRCALC > Jrcalc - Drug Know How > Flashcards

Jrcalc - Drug Know How Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the presentation of midazolam

A

Oral solution

2.5, 5, 7.5, 10mg

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2
Q

What is the max dose for ipratropium bromide

A

500mcg in 2ml

One max dose

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3
Q

What is the recommended oxygen need for effective nebulisation

A

6-8 litres

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4
Q

What is the dosage of ipratropium bromide

A

500mcg in 2ml

One dose = max dose

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5
Q

In COPD patients nebuliser should be limited to how much time

A

6 minutes before reassessment

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6
Q

Side effects of ipratropium bromide

A

Proxmal chest tightness

Allergic reaction

Tachycardia

Sickness

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7
Q

What is the action of ipratropium bromide

A

Bronchodilator - by working as a antimuscarinic

May have more benefit in paediatric asthma / adult COPD

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8
Q

What are the indicators for ipratropium bromide

A

Asthma - life threatening/ moderate

Asthma/ COPD - non responsive to salbutamol

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9
Q

Ibuprofen can be given with caution in which patient apart from asthma patients

A

Chron/ ulcerative colitis - may cause exacerbation

Patient with coagulation problems

Hypertension

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10
Q

what are the Contraindications for ibuprofen

A

Hypovolemic

Kidney problems

Gi problem - ulcers

Pregnancy - last 1/3

Chickenpox (children)

Allergic

If they had any other NSAID

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11
Q

What should a clinician make sure a patient has eaten before giving ibuprofen.(NSAID)

A

As this drug disrupts the gastric lining causing ulcers - eat first = that creates a barrier

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12
Q

What drug should be given to asthma patient with caution

A

Asprin and ibuprofen (NSAIDS) due to chance of bronchoconstriction

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13
Q

What are the action of ibuprofen

A

Anti-pyrexia

Analgesia

Anti inflammatory*****

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14
Q

What is the indicator for ibuprofen

A

Pain

Pyrexia with discomfort

Soft tissue injury’s

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15
Q

What is the maximum dosage for ibuprofen

A

1.2g

3× 400mg dosage = 1.2g

3 dosage in a 24hour period

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16
Q

What is the dosage interval for ibuprofen

A

8 hours

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17
Q

What is the dosage of ibuprofen

A

400mg

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18
Q

Is there a repeat dosage after the initial 200mg of hydrocortisone in patient with anaphylaxis

A

No

One max dose

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19
Q

Is there a repeat dosage after the initial 100mg of hydrocortisone in patient with life threatening asthma

A

No

One max dose

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20
Q

What is the dosage of hydrocortisone for patients in anaphylaxis

A

200mg in 2ml

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21
Q

What is the dosage of hydrocortisone of patients in life threatening asthma

A

100mg given over 2 minutes IV PREFERABLY

Or

IM

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22
Q

Is there a toxic dose for hydrocortisone

A

No

HOWEVER

Under PGD’s there is a max dosage

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23
Q

Which patient should be administered IM hydrocortisone

A

Those with suspected adrenal insufficient

Those who are at risk of adrenal insufficient such as patients who are unwell due to long term steroid use

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24
Q

When should hydrocortisone be administered in patient with confirmed adrenal crisis

A

As soon as - prior to conveyance

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25
Q

If the clinician is unsure if the patient is suffering from adrenal insufficient- should they administer hydrocortisone

A

Yes - preferably intra muscular

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26
Q

How should hydrocortisone be administered in patient with confirmed adrenal crisis

A

Intravenous

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27
Q

What are the indicators for hydrocortisone

A

Anaphylaxis

Adrenal crisis / addersonian crisis

Life threatening asthma

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28
Q

What is the dose interval of GTN for patient experience breathlessness due to heart failure (pulmonary odema )

A

5-10 minutes

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29
Q

How can you as the clinician increase the absorption rate of GTN

A

By ensuring oral mucosa is moiste

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30
Q

How is hydrocortisone prepared

A

100mg of hydrocortisone powder is mixed with 2ml of water

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31
Q

What must be considered and checked between dosages of GTN

A

Blood pressure - further dosage can only be given if blood pressure threshold are met

90mmgh for ACS

110mmcg for heart failure

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32
Q

What is the maximum dosage of GTN for patient experience breathlessness due to heart failure (pulmonary odema )

A

2.4mg which is equal to 6 sprays

400mcg ×6 = 2.4mg

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33
Q

What is the dosage of GTN for patient experience breathlessness due to heart failure (pulmonary odema )

A

400-800mcg = 1-2 sprays

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34
Q

What is the maximum dosage of GTN For patients experiencing ACS

A

No limit

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35
Q

What is the dosage interval for GTN in patient experience ACS

A

5-10 minutes

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36
Q

What is the dosage of GTN for patient experience ACS

A

400-800mcg which is equal to 1-2 sprays

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37
Q

What are the contraindications of GTN

A

to much GTN can cause cardiac arrest

Stopping vein (in) unconscious heart patient

S - stenosis (mitral / aortic)

V - volume (hypovolemia)

In

U - unconscious patients

H - head trauma

P - pressure - hypotensive

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38
Q

When should GTN be given with caution

A

Patient with suspected posterior or inferior wall myocardial infarction (MI) DUE TO right MAIN OCCULSION- WHICH AFFECT RIGHT VENTRICLE causing hypotension

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39
Q

What are the consequences of the action of GTN

A

Reduced Blood pressure

Reduced cardiac spasm

Reduced preload

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40
Q

What are the action of GTN

A

Vasodilation of :

Coronary arteries : reducing cardiac spasm

Veins : reducing pre-load

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41
Q

What are the indicator for GTN

A

Cardiac chest pain - angina / MI where the systolic BP is above 90mmgh

Breathlessness due to pulmonary odema in heart failure when systolic BP is above 110mmgh

Patient with suspect cocaine toxicity

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42
Q

What is the presentation of GTN and for bonus points - what does each subunit dose contain

A

Spray

Bonus point - each spray contain 400mcg

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43
Q

What does GTN stand for

A

Glycern trinitrate

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44
Q

What is the site of absorbution for GTN

A

Sublingual - under the tongue

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45
Q

What classification of drug is morphine

A

Opioid

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46
Q

What is the maximum dosage for glucose 40%

A

20g

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47
Q

What are the contraindications for glucose 10%

A

IM OR SUBCUT administration

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48
Q

Why should you flush the IV line after administrating glucose 10%

A

As glucose causes irritation to the vein if stagnant next to it

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49
Q

What is the administration site for glucose 40% - and for double point how is it ABSORBED

A

Oral - absorbed by buccal routes

Buccal = gums

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50
Q

What is the presentation of glucose 40%

A

Plastic tube - containing 25g

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51
Q

What is the indication for glucose 40%

A

hypoglycaemia where there isn’t any risk of aspirations or choking

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52
Q

How many dosages of glucose 10% maybe given. And what is the maximum dosage

A

3 dosages maybe give of 10g glucose mixed in 100ml = 300ml max

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53
Q

What is the dose interval of glucose 10%

A

5 minutes

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54
Q

What is the initial dosage of glucose 10%

A

10g glucose mixed in 100ml

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55
Q

If a hypoglycemic patient with a reduced GCS starts improving with glucose 10% - should glucose be continued

A

Glucose 10% should be titrated to normal GCS

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56
Q

If a unconscious hypoglycaemic patient hasn’t shown any improvement to glucose 10% when can a second dose be given.

A

5 minutes

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57
Q

How does glucose 10% work

A

By giving sugar/glucuse straight into the blood stream

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58
Q

What is the difference between glucose 10% and glucose 40%

A

10% is a liquid form

40% is gel form

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59
Q

What drug can be given to unconscious patient who are hypoglycaemic and aren’t responding to glucagon

A

Glucose 10%

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60
Q

When is glucose 10% indicated

A

in hypoglycaemia ( sugar level below 4.0) where glucose gel isn’t possible - rapid improvement is required

Unconscious patient with suspected hypoglycaemic cause

In patient who haven’t responded to to glucagon after 10 minutes

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61
Q

When is atropine indicated

A

Symptomatic bradycardia such as

Absolute bradycardia (40BPM OR LESS)

Bradycardia post ROSC

Inadequate perfusion -which causes confusion

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62
Q

What is the presentation of glucagon

A

1mg POWDER to be mixed with water

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63
Q

What is the dosage for glucagon

A

1mg

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64
Q

How can you check the effectiveness of glucagon

A

By checking blood sugar level after 10-15 mins

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65
Q

How many time can glucagon be administered

A

Once

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66
Q

When administration furosemide how long should it be transfused into the system

A

2 minutes

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67
Q

What is the preference of first line benzodiazepine to patients that are convulsing

A

Midazolam - as this save time due to diazepam has to be given IV/IO or rectally.

Midazolam can be administered buccal

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68
Q

Should benzodiazepine be given as a preventive measure

A

NEVER. patient MUST be convulsing to receive benzodiazepine

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69
Q

Why is it best practice to have a BVM on hand for patients that have ingested benzodiazepine or opioids

A

Due to the risk of respiratory arrest

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70
Q

How long do eclamptic convulsions have to last before diazepam can be administered

A

Start treatment if seizure last over 2-3 minutes.

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71
Q

What are the dosage of adminstration for chlorphenamine parentally

A

10mg in 1ml - only one max dose

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72
Q

What is the presentation of chlorphenamine

A

10mg in 1ml - ampoule

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73
Q

Presentation of adrenaline 1:1000

A

Ampoule - ready to draw up

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74
Q

Presentation of atropine

A

Ampoule - ready to draw up

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75
Q

What is a common side effect of benzodiazepine

A

Respiratory arrest - this is more common if the patient has had alcohol

Hypotension

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76
Q

What are the indicators for Chlorphenamine

A

Allergic reaction which fall short of anaphylaxis

Alleviate symptoms after initial treatment of anaphylaxis

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77
Q

Second plus dose for atropine

A

600mcg in 1ml

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78
Q

Initial dose of atropine

A

600mcg In 1ml

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79
Q

Route of administration of aspirin

A

Oral - dispersible or chewed

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80
Q

Route of administration of aspirin

A

Oral - dispersible or chewed

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81
Q

How should glucagon be administered

A

Intramuscular

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82
Q

When is glucagon indicated

A

Hypoglycaemia - known or suspected (in unconscious patients). Sugar level below 4.0

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83
Q

What is the dosage for furosemide

A

40mg in 4ml

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84
Q

What is the second dosage of diazepam for adults

A

10mg in 2ml

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85
Q

What classification of drug is available for paramedic to administer to patients that are convulsing (seizures)

A

Benzodiazepine

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86
Q

What are the indicators for Diazepam

A

Patient who have had convulsions which have lasted 5 minutes or more

Patient who have had 3 or more convulsions in an hour

Patient MUST be convulsing at time of administration

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87
Q

What is the dosage for benzylpenicillin parental (IV/ IO)

A

1.2 gram in 20ml

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88
Q

What are the contraindications for benzylpenicillin

A

Known severe allergic reaction -

simple rash doesn’t count as severe

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89
Q

Presentation of amiodarone

A

Prefilled syringe 💉

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90
Q

Actions of atropine

A

Blocks vagal activity

Improve A-V conduction

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91
Q

What are the different parental route for administration of chlorphenamine

A

IM, IV ,IO

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92
Q

What is the maximum dosage of diazepam for adults

A

20 milligrams

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93
Q

When is active charcoal indicated

A

When a toxin has been injected one hour prior to clinicians arrival or under direction of Toxbase

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94
Q

What is the first line treatment for hypoglycaemia

A

Glucose gel ( glucose 40%)

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95
Q

In which group of patients is glucagon sometimes ineffective

A

Young and elderly due to malnourished therefore lack of glycogen to turn to glucose

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96
Q

What is the pharmacological effect of glucagon

A

Converts glycogen to glucose

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97
Q

Which condition should be met to administer glucagon apart from hypoglycaemia

A

When glucose gel is ineffective or not possible to administer and IV isn’t possible (to administer glucose)

98
Q

What are the contraindications for furosemide

A

Under 18yrs old

Cariogenic shock

99
Q

What are the actions of furosemide

A

Diuretic

100
Q

What are the indicators for furosemide

A

Pulmonary Oedema due to heart failure

101
Q

What is the contraindications for diazepam

A

Hypersensitivity

102
Q

What is the first dosage of diazepam for adults

A

10mg in 2ml

103
Q

If the patient stop convulsing during the administration of benzodiazepine, should the clinician continue to finish giving the dosage

A

Yes

104
Q

What is the duration that benzodiazepine must be given apart

A

10 minutes

105
Q

What is a common side affect of opioids

A

Respiratory arrest

Hypotension

106
Q

Why should a paramedic ask parents or carers if they have administered any medication to a patient suffering from convulsions

A

Parents or guardian may have administered

benzodiazepine, this will be classified as the first dose

107
Q

What drug can be administered for symptomatic cocaine toxicity ( cheat pain, hypertension, convulsions)

A

Diazapam

GTN

108
Q

Whats the names of Benzodiazepine that are available to UK paramedics

A

Diazapam & Midazolam

109
Q

How should chlophenamine be given IV

A

Slowly over a duration of 1 minute

110
Q

What are the contraindications of chlorphenamine

A

Allergy’s to this drug

Patient who are being treated with MAOIs

111
Q

What is the dosage for benzylpenicillin intramuscular

A

1.2g in 4ML

This dosage should be spread over 2 sites

112
Q

Indication for benzylpenicillin

A

Suspect meningitis

Suspected due to sign and symptoms such as non - blanching Rash

113
Q

What is the presentation of benzylpenicillin

A

600mg in 1.2g POWDER in a vial

114
Q

Max dose for atropine

A

3mg = 5 dosage

600mcg ×5 = 3mg

115
Q

Dose intervals for atropine

A

3-5 minutes

116
Q

What is the Contraindications for atropine

A

Bradycardia due to hypothermia 🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶🥶

117
Q

Presentation of adrenaline 1:10,000

A

Prefilled syringe 💉

118
Q

Presentation of aspirin

A

Tablet

119
Q

When is aspirin contraindicated (Hauls)

A

HAULS

H emophiliacs

Allergy

Under 16 years old - causes Reyes disease

Liver failure with jaundice

Stomach- active GI bleed

120
Q

When is aspirin indicated

A

Clinical or ECG evidence of ischemia or myocardial infarction (MI)

121
Q

What is the dose of aspirin

A

300mg

122
Q

What are the pharmological actions of amiodarone

A

Increase cardiac potential thus increases refractory period. Blocks sodium and potassium channels.

123
Q

When can adrenaline 1:10,000 not be administered during a cardiac arrest

A

When patient core temperature is less than 30° degrees 🥶

124
Q

What is the duration of activation for paracetamol

A

4-6 hours

125
Q

What is the max dose for adrenaline 1:10,000

A

No max dose

126
Q

What is the pharmological action of adrenaline

A

Stimulates alpha receptors (vasoconstriction and increased contractility of the myocardium) and beta receptor (bronchodilator)

127
Q

When is adrenaline 1:10,000 indicated during a cardiac arrest

A

Non shockable - straight away or after the third shock in consecutive shocks

128
Q

What is the time duration of adrenaline 1:10,000 for patient who are hypothermic (30-34.9° degrees)

A

6-10 minutes ( duration is doubled )

129
Q

What is the dose for amiodarone after the 5th shock

A

150mg in 10ml

130
Q

What is the route of administration for adrenaline 1:10,000

A

Parental - IV or IO

131
Q

What is the route of adrenaline 1:1000

A

IM - intramuscular

132
Q

What are the different presentations of paracetamol available to UK paramedics

A

Iv (mixture of 1g in 250ml saline) or oral (2×500mg tablets)

133
Q

What is the dosage of paracetamol

A

1g

134
Q

How is salbutamol administrated

A

Nebuliser

135
Q

What is the dosage for adrenaline 1:1000 and following dosages if its recommended

A

500mcg with following dosage at same dosage

136
Q

What is the duration for nebulator treatment in COPD patients

A

6 minutes - then reassess

137
Q

What is the duration interval for adrenaline 1:10,000

A

3-5 minutes

138
Q

What’s is the dose of active charcoal

A

50g in 250ml - only one administration allowed

139
Q

What is classified as a acute paracetamol overdose and how can a paramedic treat it

A

4mg+ in one hour /
or your full daily dosages 24 hour in one hour = treatment active charcoal

140
Q

In which situation is salbutamol indicated

A

Expiratory wheeze, exacerbation of COPD / Asthma

141
Q

In which situations is hydrocortisone indicated

A

Anaphylaxis or adrenal crisis or life threatening asthma

142
Q

In what situation is adrenaline 1:10,000 indicated

A

Cardiac arrest

143
Q

In which situation is adrenaline 1:1000 indicated

A

Life threatening asthma or anaphylaxis

144
Q

what is the max dose for adrenaline 1:1000

A

no max dose

145
Q

What is the dose of amiodarone after the 3rd shock

A

300mg in 10ml

146
Q

What is the dose for amiodarone after the first shock

A

0

147
Q

What are the indicators for midazolam

A

Patient who are ACTIVELY convulsing
Who also meet the following criteria:
Convulsion lasting 5 mins +
3+ convulsion in one hour

148
Q

Under what laws and conditions apart from clinical presentation can a paramedic administer midazolam

A

Under PGD or if a patient has there own prescription under then it must be administered according to the prescribed instructions or care plan

149
Q

What are the action of midazolam
Bonus point : what is the onset of action for those actions

A

Anti- convulsion -5 minutes
Sedative - after 15 minutes

150
Q

Are there any contraindications for midazolam

A

None EXPECT indicators must be met

151
Q

What are the side affects of midazolam

A

Hypotension
Respiratory arrest
Amnesia
Reduced gcs - can cause airway probs

152
Q

What are drugs that can reach peak effect for stopping seizures

A

Midazolam and diazepam

153
Q

What is the only route of adminstration for miazolam to UK paramedics

A

Buccal

154
Q

What is the initial dosage of miazolam for adults

A

10mg in a pre filled 2ml syringe

155
Q

What is the dose interval between adminstration of midazolam

A

10 minutes

156
Q

What is the second dosage of midazolam in adults

A

10 mg in a pre filled 2ml syringe 💉

157
Q

How many times can a paramedic administer midazolam to adults in the UK -
Bonus points : what is the max dose

A

2 times
Max dose 20mg
So 2× 10mg dosages in pre filled 2ml syringe 💉

158
Q

What is the maximum dosage for adminstration of midazolam in adults

A

20mg

159
Q

What is the indicator for misoprostol

A

Post partum haemorrhage - WITHIN 24HOUR OF BIRTH, and can’t be control by utrine massage

Life threatening bleed(500ML +) (obstetric) - less than 24 week and miscarriage MUST be confirmed (SEEN)

160
Q

What is misopeostol used for

A

Bleed post and pre birth but must follow strict indication
24 week or less - with confined miscarriages + life threatening bleed

Major bleed - post birth within 24 hours

161
Q

When should misoprostol be used as a first line treatment

A

POST partum hemorrhage in pt with pre-eclampsia or hypertension (140/90+)

162
Q

What is the action of misoprostol

A

Stimulates utrine contractions

163
Q

How long does misoprostol take to work ( onset of action)

A

7-10 minutes

164
Q

What are the contraindications for misoprostol

A
  • Bleeding with fetus in womb
  • In labour prior to birth
    -Allergy’s
    Bleeding post 24 hours of birth
165
Q

How is misoprostol delivered ( route of administration)

A

Sublingually (preferred)
Rectal

166
Q

What is the initial dose of misoprostol

A

800mcg

167
Q

What is the maximum dosage for misoprostol

A

800mcg - max dose

168
Q

What is the presentation of misoprostol

A

Tablet

169
Q

What is the presentation of morphine sulfate available to paramedic on UK ambulances
** BONUS POINT FOR DOSAGES**

A

Morphine ampoule ( 10mg/1ml)
Oromorph - 10mg/5ml)

170
Q

What are the indicators for morphine sulfate

A

severe pain( such as trauma or MI) or movements up following the analgesia ladder

171
Q

Can ambulance morphine be given for end of life

A

Yes
But you should try to give patients own prescription first

172
Q

In which situation can ambulance morphine be given in end of life

A
  • When patient own pain or breathlessness medication hasn’t been prescribed yet.
    Their supply of morphine has ran out
  • medication is present but without a patient specific document which is to be signed by a independent prescriber
173
Q

What should a paramedic do before giving morphine to end of life patients ( when they are actively dieing)

A

Consult with palliative care or nursing teams to discuss if anticipatory medication are in place

174
Q

What do guidelines state about. Breathlessness and morphine in end of life patients

A

Patient must be breathlessness which causes distress.
The clinician MUST address and investigate any potential causes first
And then morphine can be administered

175
Q

What are the action of morphine

A

Strong opioid analgesia
Sedative, analgesia, euphoria (feel high)

176
Q

Why can morphine or other opioids causes hypotension

A

This drug triggers the body to produce histamine - which causes vasodilation.
Thus hypotension

177
Q

What are the contraindications for morphine sulfate

A

Respiratory arrest - under 10RR or 20 in kids
Under 1 years old
Hypotension - under 90 systolic
Head injury with reduced GCS (9 or less)
Allergy

178
Q

What is the special guidelines for morphine administration in end of life patients

A

If the clinician confirm patient is in their final moment - General contraindications DO NOT apply - as we are their to remove symptoms to aid pain free death and the benefits outways the risk

179
Q

What is the best route to administer mophine in end of life patients

A

Subcutaneous - as it reduces the risk of side effects ( even tho these don’t apply as the need for mophine outways the risk )

180
Q

When should a paramedic administer morphine with caution - and in small subunit dosages

A

-Known severe liver or kidney impairment
-Pregnancy - NOT TO BE GIVEN IN LABOUR
-chest injury - with breathing issues ( but can also improve breathing issue if it’s pain based 😂😂)
- head injury ( if it’s a ICP (then can increase aterial poca2 thus increasing ICP)
-Alcohol as it’s a nerve suppressant paired with morphine a suppressant

181
Q

Morphine can be given to 4 types of patients but with care. Bonus point why

A

Head injury - icp
Chest injury - respiratory arrest
Kidney / liver failure - clearing
Drunk patient - nerve supress

182
Q

What are the side effects of morphine sulfate

A

Respiratory depression/ arrest
Cardiovascular depression
Drowsiness
Pupil constriction
Nausea and vomiting 🤮

183
Q

What do end of life patients blood pressure maybe when administering morphine

A

In the final days to hours the blood pressure maybe below 90mmgh - it doesn’t matter as we are there to control symptoms.
Try using there anticipatory pack first
Check prior dosage - to not overdose

184
Q

What does the law state about morphine

A

It’s a class A CONTROLLED drug, it MUST be securely stored and it’s movement TRACKED.

185
Q

What does the law say about the disposal of Morphine

A

It must be disposed off (duped) in the presence of a witness

186
Q

What is the indication for dexamethasone

A

Croup

187
Q

What are the actions of dexamethasone

A

Steroid - reduces inflammation of subglottis

188
Q

If the procedure of administration of dexamethasone irrates the child what should the clinician do

A

STOP - as this may increase airway compromise

189
Q

Patient with suspected or known hemmorages must be given TXA but must also be met

A

Patient triggering local major trauma criteria
Head injury with GCS of less than 12
Patient with suspected or known internal hermitage
Post partum hemmorage
Bleeding due to obstetrics

190
Q

If severe bleeding is suspect or known when should TXA be given by

A

Within 3 hours

191
Q

What is the difference between classification and schedule for drug

A

Classification is based upon how dangerous the drug is to society
Schedule is based on its medicinal benefits

192
Q

How should morphine be prepared for IV

A

Diluted by sodium chloride 0.9% to make 10mg in 10ml

193
Q

What are the indications for morphine

A

Severe pain
First choice for an mi

194
Q

What are the indications for morphine

A

Severe pain
First choice for an mi

195
Q

Can morphine be given for pregnancy

A

Yes but in short dosages
Not for labour pains

196
Q

Can morphine be given for pregnancy

A

Yes but in short dosages
Not for labour pains

197
Q

What can morphine normally cause apart from side effects

A

Nausea and vomiting consider on downsetron

198
Q

In end of life care, were morphine has been administered when should a paramedic administer counter medication

A

Where toxicity is believed such as respiratory depression below 8 breath for a minute

199
Q

How should morphine iv be reconstituted

A

With sodium chlooride 0.9% to make 10 milligrams in 10 mil

200
Q

How should morphine be administers concentration dosage

A

10 mg into 10mil
10 minutes adminster IV
If pain persists further 2ml every 5 mins till 20mg limit met

201
Q

How is the locks on hydrochloride constituted

A

400mcg in 1ml

202
Q

What are the indications for narcan
And it’s pharmacological action

A

Reversal of opiods
Unconsciousness caused by respiratory depression
Cardiac arrest due to opioids
Somebody who has been involved with anaesthetics

203
Q

What are the indications for narcan
And it’s pharmacological action

A

Reversal of opiods
Unconsciousness caused by respiratory depression
Cardiac arrest due to opioids
Somebody who has been involved with anaesthetics

204
Q

What are the contraindications for narcan

A

Neonates born to opiate addicted moms

205
Q

What are the contraindications for narcan

A

Neonates born to opiate addicted moms

206
Q

In what different routes can narcan be administered

A

IM SUBCUT IV IO

207
Q

In what different routes can narcan be administered

A

IM SUBCUT IV IO

208
Q

In what different routes can narcan be administered

A

IM SUBCUT IV IO

209
Q

Should patients who have been administered narcan the transported to hospital and why

A

Yes
Narcan has a short half life of 30 mins
So further doseage maybe required

210
Q

Should patients we have overdosed on methadone be transported to hospital even though narcan has been the administered

A

Yes as it takes methodone 8 hours to leave the system + they are high risk of death due to respiratory arrest

211
Q

For patients who have taken methadone and refuse hospital conveyance with capacity - what should the clinician do

A

Leave them with a responsible adult
A loafing dose maybe administered 800mcg of narcan

212
Q

What is methadone what is the hard life line

A

A synthetic opioid that is used to help wean people of opioids
Duration is 15 minutes of 60 minutes

213
Q

How should narcan be prepared for IV ( adult ) opioid depends

A

Gain 800 micrograms of narcan (two bottles) with 8ml of sodium chlorides = total volume 10ml

1ml given titrated to effect- kindly some patients in a groggy state ( violent or dependant )

214
Q

What is the dosages for narcan
Duration apart
Max dosage

A

400 micrograms followed by an addition 400 micrograms three minutes apart
Max dosage 4000mcg

215
Q

What is the dosage for narcan in opioid-based cardiac arrest
Duration apart
Max dose

A

400 micrograms
800 micrograms 1 minute apart
Max dose 10,000 micrograms

216
Q

What is the composition of nitrous oxide / entenox

A

50% oxygen 50% nitrous oxide

217
Q

What are the contraindications for nitrous oxide or antiox (HOPS)

A

H ( head injury - reduced GCS)
O ( obstruction bowel )
P( physictric PT - disturbed
S( decompression sickness - diving )

218
Q

What are the indications for nitrous oxide and Knox

A

Labour pains or moderate severe pains

219
Q

What are the indications for nitrous oxide and Knox

A

Labour pains or moderate severe pains

220
Q

How long does it take before antenox reaches a analgesic effect

A

5 to 10 minutes

221
Q

What are the indications for ondansetron

A

Nausa or vomiting

222
Q

What are the indications for ondansetron

A

Nausa or vomiting

223
Q

What are the contraindications for ondansetron

A

Known allergies
Under 1-month-old
Prolong qtc interval 500 milliseconds

224
Q

If a patient has been administered on dance Tron should they be left at home

A

It is possible but further investigations must be sought clinicion must seek further assistance before leaving at home with ondanzitron

225
Q

What is the dosage for ondanzatron

A

4 mg no repeat dosages

226
Q

What is the dosage for ondanzatron

A

4 mg no repeat dosages

227
Q

What are contraindications for oxygen

A

Explosive environments

228
Q

What are the indications for paracetamol

A

Pain relief
High temperature that is causing discomfort

229
Q

What are the indications for salbutamol

A

Exacerbation of COPD or asthma
Expiratory wheeze

230
Q

What are the indications for salbutamol

A

Exacerbation of COPD or asthma
Expiratory wheeze

231
Q

What are the pharmacological actions of salbutamol

A

Beatitude adrenal receptor releases bronco construction

232
Q

What are the contraindications for salbutamol.

A

Non in emergency

233
Q

What is the duration that nebulisation maybe given to COPD PT

A

6 mins

234
Q

When should salbutamol be stopped

A

Once a therapeutic affect has been achieved
Side effects become excessive such as tremors or tachycardia above 140 bpm

235
Q

What is the adult dosage for salbutamol

A

5 mg with 6 to 8 litres of oxygen

236
Q

What are the indications for sodium chloride 0.9%- fluids

A

Crush injury
Dehydration
Major trauma - maintain permissive hypotension
Burns
Maintaing - 100mmgh systolic BP

237
Q

What are the indications for sodium chloride 0.9%- fluids

A

Crush injury
Dehydration
Major trauma - maintain permissive hypotension
Burns
Maintaing - 100mmgh systolic BP

238
Q

What are the indications for syntomatrine

A

Postpartum henridge within 24 hours of birth with no relief from utrine massage
Life threatening bleeding with confirmed miscarriage

239
Q

What are the pharmacological actions of
syntomatrine

A

Stimulates utrine contractions
Take 7 minutes to work

240
Q

What are the contraindications for syntomatrine

A

Bleeding during labour
IF THE BABY IS IN SITO !!! CAN CAUSE MISCARRIAGE!!!!
Severe eclampsia

241
Q

If a condition arrives to a lady who has postpartum hemorrhage within last 24 hours what drugs can be administered and if so can they be administered together

A

Misoprostol and syntomatrine they must be administered 15 minutes apart if required

242
Q

What is the dosage forsyntomatrine under which of administration

A

500mcg with 5 units of oxytocin
IM

Paramedic JRCALC (4 decks)

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