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Journalism exam Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the levels of inverted Pyramid

A

Most important points first : 4 w’s
Important
Less important
Least important

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2
Q

What is “agenda setting”?

A

“What we think about”

The way the media determine what will be communicated as news to influence what audiences think about and discuss.

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3
Q

Subject: TV and Politics - Zoo Metaphor

A 
Both exhibit curiosities.
Both exhibit a way of separation.
Viewers in control of how we wander / "surf" at will. 
TV offers sociological insights.
Both entertain and educate.
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4
Q

What are the 5 parts of a news story?

A

Link: introduction (how is this newsworthy?)
Frame: established relevance for viewers.
Focus: establish angles/theme.
Nomination: giving ID to participate (talent).
Sump-up: drawing threads together.

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5
Q

Identify and describe 8 types of celebrities.

A

Star: top celebrity with elevated creativity. (Movies and music)

Ordinary: regular but familiar. (Sports stars, hosts).

Celeactor: fictional portrayals that take on own life. (Borat).

Quasar: short lived fame. (Politician, local hero, one hit wonder).

Celetoid: purpose built a celebrity. (Commercial need).

Recycled: resurrected “has Berns” in cameo roles.

Disposable: reality TV products. (Big Brother).

Ordinary people: doing things extraordinary.

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6
Q

Who is Billy Hughes?

A

He was the first PM to use PR. (selling conscription during the war).

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7
Q

Identify the relationship between a Journalist and a Pr.

A

SPIN DOCTORS / FLACKS.

  • A term used in the U.S. in 1980.
  • “Spin” a story. (Of fabrication, misinformation, exaggeration, lies..)
  • Spin or tweak the truth.

PR and J

  • PR staff has J training.
  • Many J work in PR.
  • (J to PR) not reverse.
  • J loyalty is to news consumers.
  • PR loyalty is clients.
  • Media managers = Political PR
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8
Q

Name 6 PR challenges of J.

A
  • Timing: good news = release / press conference.
    Bad news = smokescreen other news, late releases.
  • Freezing: locking out critical journalism from background briefings, election campaigns, tours etc.
  • Spraying: bullying critical journalism with threats.
  • Wedging: flattering or courting certain journalists at a expense.
  • Agenda setting: feeling media what stores should be, via press releases of undesirable stories are breaking.
  • Briefing: private backgrounds get of info on certain issue.
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9
Q

4 elements of basic feature writing.

A
  • Ancedote: a little story, one par with use of colourful description.
  • Theme: summarising sentences that set stage. Reminds reader feature’s purpose.
  • Quotes: keep short, pithy, witty and reflect main idea.
  • Facts: don’t over use - be accurate. Blend with colourful adjectives to keep interest.
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10
Q

What other characteristics include the ATQF?

A
  • No inverted pyramids.

- Opening pars are more softer, longer and colourful to maintain interest.

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11
Q

Who is Matthew Brandy?

A
  • The father of photo journalism.
  • First successful commercial of photo journalism.
  • Covered US Civil War (1861-65)
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12
Q

What are the 10 photo journalism’s news values?

A
  • Timeliness: How recent is the event?
  • Prominence: Does the event enjoy high profile.
  • Proximity: Is it close to home?
  • Action: Does the photo capture movement?
  • Conflict/Violence: Not too violent.
  • Oddity: is the event highly unusual?
  • Humour: Is it pose funny?
  • Narrative: Does the photo tell a story?
  • Aesthetically Pleasing: Is it arty?
  • Objectivity: Is it fair and accurate?
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13
Q

What are Griffin’s 4 “Ethical Dimensions”?

A
  1. Identifying subjects: E.g. court cases, children and Indigenous.
  2. Lapse of taste: E.g. Corpse, extreme violence. Public’s right to know vs subject’s rights.
  3. Invasion of subject’s privacy: International trend now towards seeking permission to avoid litigation.
  4. Manipulation of subject matter: Set-ips, staging, alteration.
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14
Q

What are the 2 “visual response elements” (Do we need to see pictures of beheading or is that too insensitive and morally reprehensible?

A
  1. Liberal-Humanist: Photography should shock so we re-think our opinions.
    E.g. Morality outweigh sensitivity and photos should be provocative.
  2. Neo-Conservative: Put family values above “truth”.
    E.g. Sensitivity outweighs morality.
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15
Q

What does MEAA Code of Ethics stand for?

A 
Media
Entertainment
and 
Art 
Alliance
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16
Q

What are the code of ethics?

A
  • Respect for truth and public’s right to information are principles of journalists.
  • Have public responsibilities.
  • Honesty, fairness, independence, respect for the rights of others.
17
Q

Define Assimilation.

A

The act of absorbing information.

18
Q

Define Integration.

A

The action of integration. Combination, blending, incorporating, etc.”

19
Q

Define Multiculturalism.

A

The conferring of equal rights on the many distinct cultures that make up a society.

20
Q

Define Pluralism.

A

Diversity in society and therefore in the media, pluralist media offer us a wide range of choices.

21
Q

What are the 4 computer assisted reporting?

A
  • Research database: Use of internet, especially WWW to check facts and uncover information via search engines.
  • Reporting: Going online to access large electronic databases.
  • Referencing: Searching online reference works as dictionaries, encyclopedias through internet.
  • Rendezvous: Journalists visit “virtual communities of the wide world.” They hang out, listen in, seek advice and tap into other people’s networks.
22
Q

What role does the fourth estate provide?

A

“Watchdog”
Informs people of the government activity.
Keep government, parliaments, public services and courts accountable.
Not only criticize governments and expose bad practices but expected to. ,

23
Q

What is the difference between “hard news” and “soft news”?

A

Hard news:
Associates with the notion of a free press and to the public’s right to know.
Aims to inform the community about events.

Soft news:
News that doesn’t have high priority in the news values scale. This includes, entertainment, lifestyle, celebrities, human interest, etc.

24
Q

Define currency.

A

Impact of recent and breaking news arsing from controversial and emotionally charged events.

  • Hard news.
25
Q

Define proximity.

A

Distance of news event from the audience: the closer the proximity of news to the environment of the person absorbing a story,the greater the impact the news item.

  • Hard news.
26
Q

Define impact.

A

The size of consequences of a news story: the greater the greater will be its impact.

  • Hard news.
27
Q

Define prominence.

A

Likely impact of a news item, according to whether the person in the news is already well known.

  • Hard news.
28
Q

Define impartially.

A

Not prejudiced towards any particular side or party, fair, unbiased.

Journalism (1 decks)

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