Jones and Corbridge 2014 Flashcards
Jones and Corbridge
2014
2014
Jones and Corbridge
Who have long looked at rural-urban relationships
development academics
what did 50s and 60s development studies focus on
urban industrial modes of development
when did development studies focus on urban industrial modes of development
in the 50s and 60s
Lewis (1954)
Lewis (1954) argued that rural areas had lower productivity of labour, men and women therefore move to the city to find more productive work and to pull their families out of poverty
Who argued that rural areas had lower productivity
Lewis (1954)
what did urban planners argue
goods and services would be more efficiently diffused in major cities
what did cities experience
economies of scale
Lipton
In the 60s Lipton developed a more positive theory of urban bias (1977)
It proposed that urban classes in poorer countries use their social power to distort a range of public policies against members of the rural classes
What did Lipton’s more positive theory of urban bias (1977) claim
- rural inequalities bring bright people to cities
- rural areas have too little expanding on education and healthcare
- people in rural areas pay a higher share of national taxes
- more expensive prices in rural areas
Where did Lipton (1977) think investments would make more money
in rural areas
what were the 2 main critiques of Lipton’s (1977) positive urban bias
- lacks empirical validity
- overly generalised
What did Lipton’s (1997) theory ignore
urban poor and rural rich (Byres, 1979)
Who argues the urban bias still exists
Eastwood and Lipton (2000)
