Joints, Synovial Fluid And Cartilage Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Support of muscles and organs, movement, protection of organs, production of blood cells, storage of minerals, endocrine regulation
What are the dynamic movements of the skeleton?
Linear eg gliding forwards, backwards, side to side
Angular eg change of angle
Rotation eg neck moving back and forth
Circumduction eg rotate entire arm
What are the different types of joints?
Fibrous (typically collagen) eg cranial sutures, interosseus membranes, periodontal ligament
Cartilaginous
- primary aka synchondrosis (only hyaline cartilage) eg growth plate
- secondary aka symphysis (hyaline and fibrocartilage) eg intervertebral disc
Synovial eg knee joint (have fluid filled cavity, fibrous capsule, synovial membrane)
- plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball and socket
What is the structure and function of cartilage?
Cartilage in synovial joints:
- structure: hyaline and fibrocartilage
- function: absorb shock and reduce friction
Cartilage in primary cartilaginous
- structure: hyaline cartilage
- function: immovable
Cartilage in secondary cartilaginous
- structure: fibrocartilage / hyaline
- function: slightly moveable
How does cartilage receive nutrition?
The cartilage receives nutrition through the synovial fluid produced by the synovium
Synoviocytes form the synovium, which has a rich capillary network and no epithelial lining which allows for direct exchange of o2, co2 and metabolites between the blood and synovial fluid
What are the main constituents of synovial fluid?
Viscous fluid
Hyaluronic acid & lubricin
Fluid component (from blood plasma)
Produced by synoviocytes type B
Type A remove debris
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Nutrition of cartilage
Removal of waste products
Lubrication: forms a boundary, and it is hydrodynamic keeping surfaces apart by liquid pressure
