Joints of UE Flashcards
Carpometacarpal Joint 1
1st metacarpal articulates with the trapezium
Carpometacarpal Joint 2
2nd metacarpal articulates with the trapezoid
Carpometacarpal Joint 3
3rd metacarpal articulates with the capitate
Carpometacarpal Joint 4
4th metacarpal articulates with the hamate
Carpometacarpal Joint 5
5th metacarpal articulates with the hamate
Joints of the Shoulder Girdle (4)
sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
glenohumeral
scapulothoracic
Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint
articulation between sternal end of clavicle and manubrium
SC Joint - Capsule
fibrous capsule
reinforced anteriorly and posteriorly by anterior and posterior SC ligaments and superiorly by the interclavicular ligament
contains articular surfaces covered in fibrocartilage and separated by an articular disc for shock absorbtion
SC Joint - Ligaments (4)
anterior SC ligament
posterior SC ligament
interclavicular ligament
costoclavicular ligament
SC Joint - Type
synovial saddle joint
SC Joint - Movements
saddle joint but functions as ball and socket
elevation/depression (convex clavicle moves opposite on concave manubrium)
anterior/posterior ( concave clavicle moves same on convex manubrium)
SC Joint - Extras
only articulation connect appendicular skeleton UE to axial skeleton
most stable joint of pectoral girdle
Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint
articulation between acromial end of clavicle and acromion process of scapula
AC Joint - Capsule
relatively weak joint capsule
strengthened superiorly by fibers of trapezius
contains articular surfaces covered in fibrocartilage and separated by wedge-shaped disc
AC Joint - Ligaments (2)
AC ligament coracoclavicular ligament (conoid and trapezoid ligaments)
AC Joint - Type
plane synovial joint
AC Joint - Movements
acromion rotates on the acromial end of clavicle
Glenohumeral Joint
articulation between head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
Glenohumeral Joint - Capsule
glenoid cavity deepened by labrum (fibrocartilage ring)
articular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage
contains subacromial and subscapular bursae
reinforced by rotator cuff muscles (except inferior part which is weakest)
superiorly encloses biceps tendon
lax in adduction, taut in abduction
Glenohumeral Joint - Ligaments (4)
glenohumeral ligaments
coracohumeral ligament
transverse humeral ligament
coracoacromial ligament
Glenohumeral Joint - Type
ball and socket synovial joint
Glenohumeral Joint - Movements
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction
Glenohumeral Joint - Extras
most instable joint of shoulder girdle
muscle control provides most stability
Angle of Inclination - Glenohumeral Joint
130 - 150 degrees
Angle of Torsion - Glenohumeral Joint
30 degrees (posterior torsion)
Coracoacromial Arch
coracoid process + coracoacromial ligament + acromion
prevents superior dislocation of glenohumeral joint
Scapulothoracic Joint
no bony articulation
scapulas location against thoracic wall
Scapulohumeral Rhythm
after initial 30 degrees of elevation of humerus, scapula begins moving at a 2:1 ratio
for every 3 degrees of elevation, 2 degrees occur at glenohumeral joint and 1 degree at scapulothoracic joint
Glenohumeral Ligaments (3)
internally to capsule
superior
inferior
middle
Coracohumeral Ligament
limits lateral rotation
aids in passive support
fibers blend into joint capsule
Subacromial Bursa
located between acromion, coracoacromial ligament, deltoid, supraspinatus tendon, and joint capsule (inferiorly)
Subscapular Bursa
located between tendon of subscapularis and the neck of the scapula
Rotator Cuff (4)
supports glenohumeral joint supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis
Elbow Joint
articulation between trochlea and capitulum of the humerus with the trochlear notch of the ulna and the head of the radius
Humero-ulnar Articulation
trochlea of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna
Humero-radial Articulation
capitulum of humerus (convex) with head of radius (concave)
Elbow Joint - Capsule
weakest anteriorly and posteriorly
lateral and medial aspects supported by RCL, UCL, and annular ligament
Elbow Joint - Ligaments (3)
radial collateral ligament
ulnar collateral ligament
annular ligament
Elbow Joint - Type
hinge type synovial joint
Elbow Joint - Movements
flexion and extension
Elbow Joint - Extras
coronoid and radial fossas are deepened areas on humerus to allow for more movement
Carrying Angle of Elbow Joint
the long axis of fully extended ulna makes an angle of ~170 degrees with the long axis of the humerus
carrying angle is the way the forearm angles away from the body
>15 degrees in females
10-15 degrees in males
Proximal Radio-ulnar Joint
articulation of head of the radius on the ulna at the elbow joint
Proximal Radio-ulnar Joint - Capsule
fibrous capsule encloses joint and is continuous with the capsule of the elbow joint
Proximal Radio-ulnar Joint - Ligaments (1)
annular ligament
Proximal Radio-ulnar Joint - Type
pivot type synovial joint
Proximal Radio-ulnar Joint - Movements
rotation of head of radius in annular ligament during pronation/supination of forearm
Distal Radio-ulnar Joint
articulation of head of ulna with the ulnar notch on the medial side of the distal end of the radius
Distal Radio-ulnar Joint - Capsule
fibrous capsule encloses joint but deficient superiorly
L-shaped fibrocartilage articular disc binds the ends of the ulna and radius together and separates the cavity of the distal radio-ulnar joint from the cavity of the wrist joint
Distal Radio-ulnar Joint - Ligaments
anterior and posterior ligaments strengthen capsule
Distal Radio-ulnar Joint - Type
pivot type synovial joint
Distal Radio-ulnar Joint - Movements
distal end of radius rotates around fixed head of ulna during pronation/supination
