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Anatomy joints & muscles > Joints & muscles > Flashcards

Joints & muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are joints also known as?

A

Articulations

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2
Q

What is arthrology?

A

scientific study of joints

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3
Q

Name the three types of functional classification of joints

A

Synarthroses (immovable), Amphiarthroses (slightly moveable), Diarthroses (freely moveable)

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4
Q

W

A
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5
Q

hat are the three types of structural classification of joints?

A

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

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6
Q

what is a suture joint?

A

a fibrous joint found between the bones of the skull

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7
Q

What is a gomphosis joint?

A

A peg-in-socket fibrous joint, such as a tooth in its socket

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8
Q

What connects bones in cartilaginous joints?

A

Cartilage

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9
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondroses and Symphyses

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10
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

freely moveable joint that contains a synovial cavity

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11
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

Lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage

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12
Q

What are bursae?

A

sac-like structures that reduce friction between body arts

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13
Q

What are the six types of synovial joints?

A

Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condylar, Saddle, Ball-and-Socket

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14
Q

Name a type of body movement involving a decrease in joint angle

A

flexion

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15
Q

What movement involves rotating a limb around its long axis?

A

rotation

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16
Q

What joint allows for circumduction?

A

A ball-and-socket joint

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17
Q

What are the four functional properties of muscle tissue?

A

contractibility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity

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18
Q

What type of muscle makes up nearly half the body’s mass?

A

skeletal muscle

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19
Q

What is the prefix “myo” related to?

A

muscle

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20
Q

what is sarcolemma?

A

plasma membrane of a muscle cell

21
Q

what is a fascicle?

A

a group of muscle fibers

22
Q

What connective tissue surrounds each muscle fiber?

A

Endomysium

23
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

The basic unit of contraction in a skeletal muscle fiber

24
Q

What stores calcium ions in muscle cells

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

25
Q

What triggers the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Nervous stimulation

26
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

27
Q

What is a neuromuscular junction?

A

The point where a nerve ending and muscle fiber meet

28
Q

What type of muscle attachment is more moveable?

A

insertion

29
Q

What muscle fascicle arrangement forms concentric rings?

A

circular arrangement

30
Q

what is an example of convergent muscle?

A

Pectoralis Major

31
Q

What muscle type has fibers running parallel to the long axis?

A

Parallel muscle

32
Q

What is a prime mover (agonist)?

A

A muscle that has the major responsibility for a certain movement

33
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

A muscle that opposes or reverses a movement

34
Q

What does a synergist do?

A

it helps the prime mover by adding extra force or reducing undesirable movements

35
Q

What is a fixator?

A

A type of synergist that stabilizes a bone in place

36
Q

Which fascicle arrangement resembles a feather?

A

Pennate arrangement

37
Q

What is an example of bipennate muscle?

A

Rectus femoris

38
Q

Which muscle arrangement has a broad origin and converges toward a single tendon?

A

convergent arrangement

39
Q

What action does a muscle crossing the anterior side of a joint produce?

A

flexion

40
Q

What movement is produced by muscles that cross the lateral side of a joint?

A

abduction

41
Q

what muscle compartment of the thigh adducts the thigh?

A

Medial compartment

42
Q

What compartment flexes the shoulder or arm?

A

Anterior arm compartment

43
Q

What compartment flexes the wrist and digits?

A

Anterior forearm compartment

44
Q

what compartment extends the hip and flexes the knee?

A

Posterior compartment of the thigh

45
Q

What compartment contains muscles that extend the knee and flex the hip

A

Anterior compartment of the thigh

46
Q

What muscle compartment contains the adductors of the thigh?

A

Medial compartment of the thigh

47
Q

What compartment of the leg contains muscles that dorsiflex the foot

A

anterior compartment

48
Q

What action is produced by muscles crossing the lateral side of a joint

A

abduction

49
Q
A

Anatomy joints & muscles (2 decks)

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