Joints & muscles

Question 1

What are joints also known as?

Answer 1

Articulations

Question 2

What is arthrology?

Answer 2

scientific study of joints

Question 3

Name the three types of functional classification of joints

Answer 3

Synarthroses (immovable), Amphiarthroses (slightly moveable), Diarthroses (freely moveable)

Question 4

W

Question 5

hat are the three types of structural classification of joints?

Answer 5

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Question 6

what is a suture joint?

Answer 6

a fibrous joint found between the bones of the skull

Question 7

What is a gomphosis joint?

Answer 7

A peg-in-socket fibrous joint, such as a tooth in its socket

Question 8

What connects bones in cartilaginous joints?

Answer 8

Cartilage

Question 9

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 9

Synchondroses and Symphyses

Question 10

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 10

freely moveable joint that contains a synovial cavity

Question 11

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 11

Lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage

Question 12

What are bursae?

Answer 12

sac-like structures that reduce friction between body arts

Question 13

What are the six types of synovial joints?

Answer 13

Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condylar, Saddle, Ball-and-Socket

Question 14

Name a type of body movement involving a decrease in joint angle

Answer 14

flexion

Question 15

What movement involves rotating a limb around its long axis?

Answer 15

rotation

Question 16

What joint allows for circumduction?

Answer 16

A ball-and-socket joint

Question 17

What are the four functional properties of muscle tissue?

Answer 17

contractibility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity

Question 18

What type of muscle makes up nearly half the body’s mass?

Answer 18

skeletal muscle

Question 19

What is the prefix “myo” related to?

Answer 19

muscle

Question 20

what is sarcolemma?

Answer 20

plasma membrane of a muscle cell

Question 21

what is a fascicle?

Answer 21

a group of muscle fibers

Question 22

What connective tissue surrounds each muscle fiber?

Answer 22

Endomysium

Question 23

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 23

The basic unit of contraction in a skeletal muscle fiber

Question 24

What stores calcium ions in muscle cells

Answer 24

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 25

What triggers the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 25

Nervous stimulation

Question 26

What is a motor unit?

Answer 26

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 27

What is a neuromuscular junction?

Answer 27

The point where a nerve ending and muscle fiber meet

Question 28

What type of muscle attachment is more moveable?

Answer 28

insertion

Question 29

What muscle fascicle arrangement forms concentric rings?

Answer 29

circular arrangement

Question 30

what is an example of convergent muscle?

Answer 30

Pectoralis Major

Question 31

What muscle type has fibers running parallel to the long axis?

Answer 31

Parallel muscle

Question 32

What is a prime mover (agonist)?

Answer 32

A muscle that has the major responsibility for a certain movement

Question 33

What is an antagonist?

Answer 33

A muscle that opposes or reverses a movement

Question 34

What does a synergist do?

Answer 34

it helps the prime mover by adding extra force or reducing undesirable movements

Question 35

What is a fixator?

Answer 35

A type of synergist that stabilizes a bone in place

Question 36

Which fascicle arrangement resembles a feather?

Answer 36

Pennate arrangement

Question 37

What is an example of bipennate muscle?

Answer 37

Rectus femoris

Question 38

Which muscle arrangement has a broad origin and converges toward a single tendon?

Answer 38

convergent arrangement

Question 39

What action does a muscle crossing the anterior side of a joint produce?

Answer 39

flexion

Question 40

What movement is produced by muscles that cross the lateral side of a joint?

Answer 40

abduction

Question 41

what muscle compartment of the thigh adducts the thigh?

Answer 41

Medial compartment

Question 42

What compartment flexes the shoulder or arm?

Answer 42

Anterior arm compartment

Question 43

What compartment flexes the wrist and digits?

Answer 43

Anterior forearm compartment

Question 44

what compartment extends the hip and flexes the knee?

Answer 44

Posterior compartment of the thigh

Question 45

What compartment contains muscles that extend the knee and flex the hip

Answer 45

Anterior compartment of the thigh

Question 46

What muscle compartment contains the adductors of the thigh?

Answer 46

Medial compartment of the thigh

Question 47

What compartment of the leg contains muscles that dorsiflex the foot

Answer 47

anterior compartment

Question 48

What action is produced by muscles crossing the lateral side of a joint

Answer 48

abduction