Joints & muscles Flashcards
What are joints also known as?
Articulations
What is arthrology?
scientific study of joints
Name the three types of functional classification of joints
Synarthroses (immovable), Amphiarthroses (slightly moveable), Diarthroses (freely moveable)
W
hat are the three types of structural classification of joints?
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
what is a suture joint?
a fibrous joint found between the bones of the skull
What is a gomphosis joint?
A peg-in-socket fibrous joint, such as a tooth in its socket
What connects bones in cartilaginous joints?
Cartilage
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
Synchondroses and Symphyses
What is a synovial joint?
freely moveable joint that contains a synovial cavity
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage
What are bursae?
sac-like structures that reduce friction between body arts
What are the six types of synovial joints?
Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condylar, Saddle, Ball-and-Socket
Name a type of body movement involving a decrease in joint angle
flexion
What movement involves rotating a limb around its long axis?
rotation
What joint allows for circumduction?
A ball-and-socket joint
What are the four functional properties of muscle tissue?
contractibility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity
What type of muscle makes up nearly half the body’s mass?
skeletal muscle
What is the prefix “myo” related to?
muscle
what is sarcolemma?
plasma membrane of a muscle cell
what is a fascicle?
a group of muscle fibers
What connective tissue surrounds each muscle fiber?
Endomysium
What is a sarcomere?
The basic unit of contraction in a skeletal muscle fiber
What stores calcium ions in muscle cells
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What triggers the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Nervous stimulation
What is a motor unit?
A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
What is a neuromuscular junction?
The point where a nerve ending and muscle fiber meet
What type of muscle attachment is more moveable?
insertion
What muscle fascicle arrangement forms concentric rings?
circular arrangement
what is an example of convergent muscle?
Pectoralis Major
What muscle type has fibers running parallel to the long axis?
Parallel muscle
What is a prime mover (agonist)?
A muscle that has the major responsibility for a certain movement
What is an antagonist?
A muscle that opposes or reverses a movement
What does a synergist do?
it helps the prime mover by adding extra force or reducing undesirable movements
What is a fixator?
A type of synergist that stabilizes a bone in place
Which fascicle arrangement resembles a feather?
Pennate arrangement
What is an example of bipennate muscle?
Rectus femoris
Which muscle arrangement has a broad origin and converges toward a single tendon?
convergent arrangement
What action does a muscle crossing the anterior side of a joint produce?
flexion
What movement is produced by muscles that cross the lateral side of a joint?
abduction
what muscle compartment of the thigh adducts the thigh?
Medial compartment
What compartment flexes the shoulder or arm?
Anterior arm compartment
What compartment flexes the wrist and digits?
Anterior forearm compartment
what compartment extends the hip and flexes the knee?
Posterior compartment of the thigh
What compartment contains muscles that extend the knee and flex the hip
Anterior compartment of the thigh
What muscle compartment contains the adductors of the thigh?
Medial compartment of the thigh
What compartment of the leg contains muscles that dorsiflex the foot
anterior compartment
What action is produced by muscles crossing the lateral side of a joint
abduction
