Joints, Movement and Range of Motion Flashcards
What does non axial mean and what kind of joints is it in?
Joints slide against each other, no rotation; gliding
What does uniaxial mean and what kind of joints is it in?
Only one axis of rotation, structure of bone at joint restricts; hinge and pivot
What does biaxial mean and what kind of joints is it in?
Two axes of rotation so bone moves two different ways; condylar and saddle
What does triaxial mean and what kind of joints is it in?
Rotation around three axes, allowing greatest movement; ball and socket
Axes of Rotation (3)
Anteroposterior axis - going from front to back
Transverse axis - going from left to right
Vertical axis - going from top to bottom
ROM depends on what 4 factors
- The shape of the surfaces of the articulating bones in the joint
- The position and length of the restraining ligaments
- The effects of the muscles and tendons at the joint
- The amount of soft tissue at the joint
Concentric Contraction
Shortening; the hard part (push-up)
Eccentric Contraction
Lengthening; the easy part (push-up)
Isotonic Contraction
Movement
Isometric Contraction
Static; muscle is activated but not shortening
Isokinetic Motion
Repeated movement at the same speed; constant speed, constant motion
Agonist
Mover/flexer; produces movement
Antagonist
Contracts eccentrically; acts in the opposite direction
Fixator
Stabilizer; acts on muscles
Synergist
Neutralizer; acts on joints
