Joints, Movement and Range of Motion Flashcards
What does non axial mean and what kind of joints is it in?
Joints slide against each other, no rotation; gliding
What does uniaxial mean and what kind of joints is it in?
Only one axis of rotation, structure of bone at joint restricts; hinge and pivot
What does biaxial mean and what kind of joints is it in?
Two axes of rotation so bone moves two different ways; condylar and saddle
What does triaxial mean and what kind of joints is it in?
Rotation around three axes, allowing greatest movement; ball and socket
Axes of Rotation (3)
Anteroposterior axis - going from front to back
Transverse axis - going from left to right
Vertical axis - going from top to bottom
ROM depends on what 4 factors
- The shape of the surfaces of the articulating bones in the joint
- The position and length of the restraining ligaments
- The effects of the muscles and tendons at the joint
- The amount of soft tissue at the joint
Concentric Contraction
Shortening; the hard part (push-up)
Eccentric Contraction
Lengthening; the easy part (push-up)
Isotonic Contraction
Movement
Isometric Contraction
Static; muscle is activated but not shortening
Isokinetic Motion
Repeated movement at the same speed; constant speed, constant motion
Agonist
Mover/flexer; produces movement
Antagonist
Contracts eccentrically; acts in the opposite direction
Fixator
Stabilizer; acts on muscles
Synergist
Neutralizer; acts on joints
Reciprocal Inhibition
One side of joint is flexing while other is relaxing (bicep curl)
What is DOMS?
Delayed onset of muscle soreness
Overstretching and overtraining
How can DOMS be prevented?
Starting training at a low intensity and gradually increasing the intensity and warming up before exercise and cooling down after exercise
