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MSAK 2 > Joints, Kinetics, Goniometry, And Muscle > Flashcards

Joints, Kinetics, Goniometry, And Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Joints

A

Hold bones together and mostly permit movement, point of contact

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2
Q

3 Types of points of contact

A

Between 2 bones
Between cartilage and bone
Between teeth and bones

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3
Q

Arthrology

A

Study of joints

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4
Q

Kinesiology

A

Study of motion

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5
Q

Structure classification

A

Based on the presence or absence of a cavity
Solid
Synovial

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6
Q

Solid

A

No cavity

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7
Q

Synovial

A

Yes cavity

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8
Q

Functional classification

A

Based upon movement

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9
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable

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10
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable

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11
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable

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12
Q

All synovial joints are

A

Diarthorses

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13
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Lack synovial cavity
Bones held closely together by fibrous CT
Little or no movement (solid joint)

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14
Q

3 structural types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

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15
Q

Sutures

A

Thin layer of dense fibrous CT that unites bones of the skull
Immovable

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16
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Bones united by ligament
Inferior tibiofibular joint and interosseous membrane
Slightly moveable

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17
Q

Gomphosis

A

Ligament holds cone shaped peg in bony socket
Teeth in alveolar processes
Movement is very minimal but can be achieved over time, synarthrosis or amphiarthrosis

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18
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Lacks cavity
Allows little or no movement
Bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

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19
Q

2 types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondrosis
Symphyses

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20
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Connecting material is hyaline cartilage
Epiphyseal plate or joints between ribs and costal cartilages
Immovable

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21
Q

Symphysis

A

Fibrocartilage is connecting material
All discs in the body
Slightly movable

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22
Q

Types of solid joints

A

Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints

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23
Q

Synovial joints

A

Cavity separating articulating bones
Freely movable

24
Q

Common synovial joint features

A

Articular cartilage
Articular capsule
Synovial membrane

25
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Makes surface slippery and smooth
Reduces friction
Absorbs shock

26
Q

Articular capsule

A

Surrounds joint
Thickenings in fibrous capsule called intrinsic ligaments

27
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Lining the capsule from inside
Secretes synovial fluid
Synovial fluid brings nutrients to articular cartilage

28
Q

Special features in synovial joints

A

Ligaments
Articular discs or menisci
Bursa

29
Q

Ligaments

A

Support, connects bone to bone
Extracapsular ligaments (outside joint capsule)
Intracapsular ligaments (within capsule)

30
Q

Articular discs or menisci

A

Attached around edges to capsule
Allow 2 bones of different shape to fit tightly
Increase stability

31
Q

Bursa

A

Fluid filled saclike structure made by CT
Reduce friction between moving structures
Skin rubs over bone
Tendon rubs over bone

32
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of the bursa

33
Q

Planar joint

A

Bone surfaces are flat or slightly curved
Nonaxial
Side to side movement only
Rotation prevented by ligaments
Intercarpal/tarsal joints, vertebrocostal joints

34
Q

Hinge joint

A

Convex surface of one bones fits into concave surface of the 2nd bone
Uniaxial
Flexion and extension
Elbow (talocural), ankle, interphalangeal joints

35
Q

Pivot joint

A

Rounded surface of bone articulates with ring formed by the second bone and ligament
Monoaxial, rotation
Proximal radioulnar joint - sup/pro
Atlanto axial joint - turning head side to side

36
Q

Condyloid or ellipsoidal joint

A

Oval shaped projection fits into oval depression
Biaxial, flex/ext abduct/adduct and circumduction
Radio carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints

37
Q

Saddle joint

A

One bone saddle shaped other bone fits as a person would be sitting on that saddle
Biaxial
Flex/ext, abduct/adduct, circumduction
Trapezium and first metacarpal, sternoclavicular joint

38
Q

Ball and socket joint AKA modified hinge

A

Ball fitting into cup like depression
Multiaxial, flex/ext, abduct/adduct, rotation, circumduction
Shoulder and hip joint

39
Q

More mobility =

A

Less stability

40
Q

Kinematics

A

Motion of human body

41
Q

Osteokinematics

A

Movements of the bones

42
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

Movements occurring between joint surfaces

43
Q

Kinetics

A

Forces that produce movement

44
Q

Where does the axis of movement lay

A

Perpendicular to the respective plane

45
Q

Frontal plane axis

A

Anterior posterior

46
Q

Frontal plane movements

A

Abduction adduction

47
Q

Sagittal plane axis

A

Medial lateral

48
Q

Sagittal plane movement

A

Flexion extension

49
Q

Transverse plane axis

A

Vertical

50
Q

Transverse plane movement

A

Medial/lateral rotation, pronation supination

51
Q

Movements in no plane

A

Radial/ulnar deviation, plantar/dorsi flexion, protraction retraction

52
Q

Motion

A

The shape and congruency of articulating joint surfaces determine the movements permitted at various joints

53
Q

2 types of motion

A

Angular
Translatory

54
Q

Angular

A

Motion occurs around a fixed or relatively fixed axis

55
Q

Translatory

A

All parts move in the same direction with equal velocity
Elevate and depress shoulders
Protract and retract scapula

MSAK 2 (2 decks)

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