Joints Definition Flashcards
Synarthrosis
immovable joints
Amphiarthrosis
slightly movable joints
Diarthrosis
freely movable joint, aka synovial joints
Suture
synarthrosis, located between bones of skull
Gomphosis
synarthrosis, binds teeth to bony sicket
Synchondrosis
synarthrosis, rigid, cConnection between first vertebrosternal ribs and sternum
Synostosis
totally rigid and immovable, created when two bones fuse
Syndesmosis
amphiarthroses, bones are connected by a ligament
Symphysis
amphiarthrosis, articulating bones are separated by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage
Monoaxial
plane of movement, permits movement in one plane (elbow, ankle)
Biaxial
plane of movement, permit movement in all two planes (wrist, ribs)
Triaxial
permit movement in all three planes (shoulder, hip)
Synovial fluid
contains a high concentration of proteoglycans, make it more viscous than simple interstitial fluid
Meniscus
fibrocartilage pad,
channel the flow of synovial fluid
Fat pad
localized accumulations of adipose tissue covered by the synovial membrane
protect the articular cartilages
Ligaments
bone to bone strengthen, support, and reinforce synovial joints. consist of dense fibrous connective tissue. very strong
Tendon
muscle to come
can provide mechanical support for joints.
can impact joint by limiting range of motion.
Bursae
small synovial fluid filled pockets in connective tissue
Gliding (linear motion)
two opposing surfaces glide past each other.
Movement is slight; e.g., between carpals or tarsals
Flexion
movement in anterior-posterior plane, reduces angle between articulating parts
Extension
movement in anterior-posterior planes, increases the angle between articulating parts
Abduction
movement away from the longitude
Adduction
movement towards the longitude
Circumdiction
moving arm in a loop
Medial (internal) rotation
anterior surface of the limb rotated towards the axis
Lateral (external) rotation
anterior surface is rotated away form the axis
Pronation
radius rotates over the ulna to make thumb medially positioned
Supination
forearm in anatomical position with the thumb lateral
Opposition
movement of the THUMB towards palm or fingers
Protraction
sticking jaw out
Retraction
moving jaw back in
Elevation
moving in a superior direction
Depression
moving in an inferior direction
Lateral flexion
bending the vertebral column side to side
Gliding joints
flattened (or slightly curved) articular surfaces that slide across one another
Hinge joints
permit angular motion i single plane
Pivot joints
permit monomial rotation only
Ellipsoid joints
articular surface that inters into depression in the opposite surface, angular motion in two planes
Saddle joints
each surfaces concave in one direction and convex on the other
Ball-and-socket
round head of bone inserted into cup-shaped depression of another
Glenohmeral joints
permit the greatest amount of motion of all joints
