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Medical Vocabulary > Joints and Movements Vocabulary > Flashcards

Joints and Movements Vocabulary Flashcards

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Vocab Builder flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

joint

A

point of contact between two bones, between bone and cartilage, or between bone and teeth

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2
Q

articulation

A

point of contact between two bones

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3
Q

arthrosis

A

point of contact between two bones

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4
Q

arthrology

A

scientific study of joints

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5
Q

kinesiology

A

study of motion of the human body

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6
Q

synovial cavity

A

space between articulating bones

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7
Q

fibrous joint

A

no synovial cavity; bones held together by dense irregular connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers (structural classification of joints)

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8
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

no synovial cavity and the bones are held together by cartilage (structural classification of joints)

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9
Q

synovial joints

A

bones forming the joint have a synovial cavity and are united by the dense irregular connective tissue of an articular capsule, and often by accessory ligaments (structural classification of joints)

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10
Q

synarthrosis

A

immovable joint; plural is synarthroses (functional classification of joints)

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11
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

slightly movable joint; plural is amphiarthroses (functional classification of joints)

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12
Q

diarthrosis

A

freely movable joint; plural is diarthroses. All diarthroses are synovial joints that have a variety of shapes and permit several different types of movements (functional classification of joints)

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13
Q

sutures

A

fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue; occur only between bones of the skull (synarthrosis)

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14
Q

synostosis

A

bony joint—a joint with complete fusion of two separate bones into one bone (synarthrosis)

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15
Q

metopic suture

A

forehead suture

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16
Q

syndesmosis

A

fibrous joint with greater distance between articulating surfaces (ligament) with more dense irregular connective tissue than in sutures

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17
Q

gomphosis/dentoalveolar joint

A

syndesmosis where a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket (nail/bolt)

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18
Q

periodontal disease

A

inflammation and degeneration of the gums, periodontal ligament, and bone

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19
Q

interosseous membrane

A

a substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that binds neighboring long bones and permits slight movement (amphiarthrosis)

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20
Q

synchondrosis

A

a cartilaginous joint in which the connecting material is hyaline cartilage (synarthrosis)

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21
Q

symphysis

A

cartilaginous joint where the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones (amphiarthrosis)

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22
Q

articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage that covers articulating surface of bones

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23
Q

articular (joint) capsule

A

outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane that surrounds a synovial joint, encloses the synovial cavity, and unites the articulating bones

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24
Q

fibrous membrane of joint capsule

A

thickened continuation of the periosteum between the bones

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25
Q

ligaments

A

a short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint

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26
Q

synovial membrane

A

inner layer of the articular capsule; areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers

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27
Q

articular fat pads

A

accumulation of adipose tissue in the synovial membrane

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28
Q

synovial fluid

A

hyaluronic acid secreted by fibroblast-like cells in the synovial membrane and interstitial fluid filtered from blood plasma; thin film over surfaces of articular capsule

29
Q

accessory ligaments

A

extracapsular ligaments or intracapsular ligaments excluded from the synovial cavity by folds of the synovial membrane

30
Q

articular discs

A

pads of fibrocartilage between articular surfaces of bones and attached to the fibrous capsule

31
Q

menisci

A

pads of fibrocartilage between articular surfaces of bones and attached to the fibrous capsule

32
Q

torn cartilage

A

tearing of menisci

33
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of a joint

34
Q

arthroscope

A

lighted, pencil- thin instrument for arthroscopy

35
Q

chondrocytes

A

only cells found in cartilage; produce and maintain cartilaginous matrix (mainly collagen and proteoglycan)

36
Q

sprain

A

forcible wrenching or twisting of a joint that stretches or tears its ligaments but does not dislocate the bones

37
Q

strain

A

stretched or partially torn muscle or muscle and tendon

38
Q

bursae

A

fluid-filled sacs that cushion movement of body parts against one another

39
Q

tendon (synovial) sheaths

A

tubelike bursae that wrap around certain tendons that experience considerable friction

40
Q

bursitis

A

acute or chronic inflammation of a bursa

41
Q

gliding

A

simple movement in which relatively flat bone surfaces move back-and-forth and from side-to-side with respect to one another

42
Q

angular movements

A

increase or a decrease in angle between articulating bones

43
Q

flexion

A

decrease in the angle between articulating bones

44
Q

extension

A

increase in the angle between articulating bones

45
Q

lateral flexion

A

flexion along coronal plane instead of sagittal plane

46
Q

hyperextension

A

continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position

47
Q

abduction

A

movement of a bone away from the midline

48
Q

adduction

A

movement of a bone toward the midline

49
Q

circumduction

A

movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle

50
Q

rotation

A

bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis

51
Q

special movements

A

movements that occur only at certain joints

52
Q

elevation

A

superior movement of a body part

53
Q

depression

A

inferior movement of a body part

54
Q

protraction

A

anterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane

55
Q

retraction

A

posterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane

56
Q

inversion

A

medial movement of the sole

57
Q

eversion

A

lateral movement of the sole

58
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bending the foot in the direction of the dorsum (superior surface)

59
Q

plantar flexion

A

bending the foot in the direction of the plantar surface

60
Q

supination

A

movement of forearm that turns palm anteriorly

61
Q

pronation

A

movement of forearm that turns palm posteriorly

62
Q

opposition

A

movement of thumb across palm to touch fingertips of the same hand

63
Q

planar joints

A

synovial joint with flat or slightly curved articulating surfaces of bones

64
Q

hinge joint

A

synovial joint with convex surface of one bone fitting into the concave surface of another bone

65
Q

pivot joint

A

synovial joint; rounded or pointed surface fits into a ring formed partly by bone and partly by a ligament.

66
Q

condyloid joint

A

synovial joint; oval-shaped projection fits into an oval-shaped depression

67
Q

saddle joint

A

synovial joint; articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone “sits” in the saddle.

68
Q

ball and socket joint

A

synovial joint; ball-like surface fits into a cuplike depression

69
Q

range of motion

A

degree through which the bones of a joint can be moved

Medical Vocabulary (2 decks)

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