joints and movements Flashcards
1
Q
- -Structural
- Bones held together by fibrous CT.No joint capsule
- Little or no movement possible.
- Sutures, syndesmoses, gomphosis
A
Fibrous
2
Q
- Structural
- Bones are joined together by fibro- or hyaline cartilage.
- No joint capsule
- Slight movement possible
- Symphyses & synchondroses
A
Cartilagenous
3
Q
- Structural
- Freely movable
- Joint capsule with synovial fluid
- Articular cartilages on ends of bones
A
Synovial Joints
4
Q
- Functional
- (= together joint).
- Immovable
- Epiphyseal plate
A
Synarthrosis
5
Q
- Functional
- (means double)
- Slightly movable
- Symphysis, sternocostal
A
Amphiarthrosis
6
Q
- Functional
- Freely movable
A
Diarthrosis
7
Q
- Fibrous Joint
- Thin layer of fibrous CT unites cranial bones.
- Serrated edges for additional strength.
- Little or No movement possible.
- Functionally a synarthrosis
- Some bones that are separate during development and childhood fuse together to form a single bone, e.g., frontal bone is two bones in utero. Fuse to form a single bone = synostosis
A
Suture
8
Q
- Fibrous Joint
- Articulating bones are held together by more fibrous CT.
- Interosseous ligament or membrane
- Permits some flexability and movement
Joints between the:
Ulna and radius (via interosseous membrane; radioulnar joints are synovial—pivot) - Tibia and fibula
- Functionally an amphiarthrosis
A
Syndesmosis
9
Q
- Fibrous Joint
- Only example in the body
The periodontal ligament (fibrous CT) attaches teeth into their sockets in alveolar bones of the maxilla and mandible. - Functionally a synarthrosis.
A
Gomphosis
10
Q
- Cartilagenous joint
- Fibro- or hyaline cartilage joins with the bone
- Connecting material is a thin pad of fibrocartilage between bones.
- Pubic symphysis
- Sacroiliac joints
- Intervertebral discs
- Slight movement possible
- Functionally, amphiarthrosis
A
Symphysis
11
Q
- Cartilagenous joint
- (together-cartilage)
- Connecting material is hyaline cartilage
- Epiphyseal plates in growing long bones connects the epiphysis and diaphysis.
- Immovable, functionally synarthrosis.
- Temporary joint because it is replaced with bone after growth ceases (= synostosis)
- First rib and manubrium becomes a synostosis during adult life.
- Vertebrosternal joints (between true ribs 2-7 and sternum); Functionally an amphiarthrosis
A
Synchondrosis
12
Q
- Space between the articulating bones.
- Articular surface of bones are covered with hyaline cartilage.
- Joint is surrounded by an articular capsule
- Joint cavity itself contains synovial fluid
- Reduces friction and nourishes articular cartilages (avascular).
A
Synovial Joints
13
Q
- Flat articular surface.
- Side to side and back and forth.
- Intercarpal and intertarsal joints; heads and tubercles of ribs with vertebrae.
- Simplest kind of movement
A
Gliding joints
14
Q
- Convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of other bone.
- Humeroulnar joint
- Tibiofemoral joint
- Interphalangeal joints
- Uniaxial movement (one plane)
- Flexion (decrease the angle between articulating bones)
- Extension (increase the angle; bring back to anatomical position)
- Hyperextension is extension beyond the anatomical position (greater than 180o).
A
Hinge (Ginglymus)
15
Q
- Rounded surface of one bone articulates within a ring formed partly by the other bone and partly of a ligament.
- Rotation in a single plane
- Atlas “no”
- Proximal ends of ulna and radius (radioulnar joint)
- Pronation, supination
- Rotation in a single plane around its longitudinal axis.
A
Pivot Joint (trochoid)
