Joints And Movement Flashcards
What is the definition of a Joint?
An area of the body where two or more bones articulate to create human movement.
What are the six types of Synovial Joint?
Ball & Socket
Hinge
Condyloid
Pivot
Gliding
Saddle
Give examples of each synovial Joint
Ball&Socket- Shoulder/Hip
Hinge- Elbow,Knee and ankle
Condyloid- Wrist
Gliding- Spine
Pivot- Spine
Saddle- Thumb
What are the planes of movement?
Sagittal
Frontal
Transverse
What are the movement patterns at the sagittal plane and give examples?
Flexion- Bending Elbow and Knee
Extension- Straightening Elbow and Knee
Dorsi-flexion-pointing toes up
Plantar-flexion- Pointing toes down
What are the movement patterns at the frontal plane and give examples
Abduction- Moving arm at shoulder away from midline
Adduction- Moving arm at shoulder towards midline
What are the movement patterns at the transverse plane and give examples
Horizontal extension- Moving arm at shoulder away from midline parallel to ground
Horizontal flexion- Moving arm at shoulder towards midline parallel to ground.
Rotation- articulating bones turn about their rotational axis
What are the are the articulating bones at the Shoulder?
Humerus and Scapula
What movement is possible at the Shoulder and through what plane of movement?
Flexion/Extension- Sagittal
Adduction/Abduction- Frontal
Horizontal Flexion/Extension- Transverse
Medial/Lateral Rotation- Transverse
What are the agonist muscles for Flexion and Extension at the Shoulder?
Flexion- Anterior Deltoid
Extension- Posterior Deltoid
What are the agonist muscles for Adduction and Abduction at the Shoulder?
Adduction- Latissimus Dorsi
Abduction- Middle Deltoid
What are the agonist muscles for Horizontal Flexion/Extension at the Shoulder?
Horizontal Flexion- Pectoralis Major
Horizontal Extension- Posterior Deltoid and teres minor
What are the agonist muscles for Medial/Lateral rotation at the Shoulder?
Medial Rotation- Teres major and subscapularis
Lateral Rotation- Teres minor and infraspinatous
What are the articulating bones at the Elbow?
Humerus, radius and ulna
What movement is possible at the Elbow and through what plane?
Flexion and Extension- Sagittal
What are the agonist muscles for Flexion and Extension at the Elbow?
Flexion- Bicep brachii
Extension- Triceps brachii
What are the articulating bones at the Wrist?
Radius, ulna and carpals
What movement is possible at the wrist and through what plane?
Flexion/Extension- Sagittal
What are the agonist muscles for Flexion and Extension at the wrist?
Flexion - Wrist flexors
Extension- Wrist extensors
What are the articulating bones at the Hip?
Pelvic girdle and femur
What movement is possible at the Hip and through what plane?
Flexion/Extension- Sagittal
Adduction/Abduction- Frontal
Medial Rotation/Lateral Rotation- Transverse
What are the agonist muscles for Flexion and Extension at the Hip?
Flexion- Iliopsoas
What are the agonist muscles for Adduction/Abduction at the Hip?
Add- Adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus
Abd- Gluteus medius and Gluteus minimus
What are the agonist muscles for Medial/Lateral Rotation at the Hip?
Medial- Gluteus medius and Gluteus minimus
Lateral- Gluteus maximus
What are the articulating bones at the Knee?
Femur and tibia
What movement is possible at the Knee and through what plane?
Flexion/Extension- Sagittal
What are the agonist muscles for Flexion and Extension at the Knee?
Flexion- Biceps femoris,
semitendinosus and semimembranosus (Hamstring group)
Extension- Rectus femoris
vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis (quadriceps group)
What are the articulating bones at the Ankle?
Tibia, fibula and talus
What movement is possible at the ankle at through what plane?
Dorsi-Flexion/Plantar Flexion - Sagittal
What are the agonist muscles for Dorsi and Plantar Flexion at the ankle?
Dorsi- Tibialis anterior
Plantar- Gastrocnemius and soleus
