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gross exam 2 > joints and ligaments > Flashcards

joints and ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

what type of ligament is found superficial to the capsular ligament?

A

extrinsic ligaments

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2
Q

what type of ligament is found deep to the capsular ligament?

A

intrinsic ligaments

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3
Q

ligaments prevent movement by either acting like a _____ or _______?

A

rope or wall

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4
Q

most stable joint of the upper extremity?

A

sternoclavicular

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5
Q

3 articulations of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

sternal end of clavicle
clavicular and costal notches of the sternum
medial end of first rib

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6
Q

what is found in the middle of the joint cavity, dividing it into 2 parts?

A

articular disk

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7
Q

what are the 2 functions of the articular disk?

A
  1. prevent clavicle from being displaced

2. act as a shock absorber for forces along the clavicle

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8
Q

what is the nerve supply of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

supraclavicular and nerve to the subclavius

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9
Q

which ligaments prevent excessive forward and backward movement and acts like a wall?

A

anterior and posterior sternoclavicular

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10
Q

which ligament functions to prevent displacement of the clavicle when 1 is carrying a heavy object? - also acts like a rope

A

interclavicular

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11
Q

which joint limits elevation at the medial end of the clavicle? (one hangs by their limb)- acts like a rope

A

costoclavicular

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12
Q

which sternoclavicular ligaments reinforce the capsular ligament?

A

anterior and posterior, costoclavicular

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13
Q

what is the nerve supply of the acromioclavicular joint? (3)

A

dorsal scapular
suprascapular
axillary

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14
Q

the acromioclavicular joint is what type of joint?

A

plane gliding

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15
Q

which ligaments prevent the clavicle from losing contact with the acromion process? also acts like a rope

A

superior and inferior acromioclavicular

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16
Q

which ligament is largely responsible for holding and suspending the weight of the scapula from the clavicle?

A

coracoclavicular

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17
Q

which ligament limits protraction, elevation and rotation of the scapula?

A

coracoclavicular

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18
Q

which joint has the greatest range of motion?

A

shoulder or glenohumeral joint

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19
Q

what is the nerve supply to the shoulder joint?

A

axillary and suprascapular

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20
Q

which ligament surrounds the shoulder joint and is thin and lax?

A

capsular ligament

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21
Q

the capsular ligament of the shoulder has an opening in its inferior lateral portion through which what muscle passes through?

A

long head of the biceps brachii

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22
Q

the capsular ligament of shoulder is strengthened by what?

A

ligaments and the rotator cuff muscle tendons

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23
Q

which ligament helps prevent lateral rotation of humerus at the shoulder joint?

A

glenohumeral

24
Q

which shoulder ligament is intrinsic and acts like a rope?

A

glenohumeral

25
Q

which ligament spans the inter tubercular groove converting it into a canal?

A

transverse humeral

26
Q

which ligament keeps the long head of the biceps in place?

A

transverse humeral

27
Q

which ligament limits lateral rotation of the humerus?

A

coracohumeral

28
Q

which shoulder ligament is extrinsic and acts like a wall

A

coracoacromial

29
Q

which ligament is small and spans the scapular notch?

A

suprascapular

30
Q

why are the elbow and proximal radio-ulnar joints considered to be part of one complex? 3 reasons

A
  1. the radius and ulna are common articulating surfaces
  2. joint cavity of elbow is continuous with joint cavity of proximal R-U joint
  3. the ligaments are continuous
31
Q

what are the articulations of the elbow joint?

A

the trochlea of the humerus w/ the trochlear notch of the ulna and the capitulum of the humerus w/ the head of the radius

32
Q

what is the nerve supply of the elbow joint?

A

musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar

33
Q

which ligament runs from the lat epi of the humerus to the annual ligament and why?

A

lateral or radial collateral and so that rotation of radius is not limited

34
Q

which elbow ligament prevents adduction at the joint?

A

radial collateral

35
Q

which elbow ligament prevents abduction at the joint?

A

ulnar collateral

36
Q

which elbow ligament keeps the head of the radius in place and acts like a wall?

A

annular ligament

37
Q

what type of joint is the proximal radio ulnar joint?

A

pivot/trochoid where only rotation is possible

38
Q

which 2 ligaments are specific to the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

A

interosseous membrane and oblique cord

39
Q

what are the functions of the interosseous membrane and oblique cord?

A

limit supination beyond anatomical position and are extrinsic and act like ropes

40
Q

what is the nerve supply of the distal radio-ulnar joint?

A

radial

41
Q

what type of joint is the distal radio-ulnar joint?

A

pivot or trochoid

42
Q

which ligaments of the Distal R-U joint unite the distal ends of radius and ulna and prevent supination?

A

anterior and posterior transverse ligaments

43
Q

what does the articular disc do?

A

it is a small piece of fibrocartilage which attaches the ulnar notch and styloid process of ulna and is the chief uniting structure of the joint

44
Q

the opening in the superior part of the interosseous membrane allows passage of what?

A

posterior interosseous blood vessels

45
Q

3 functions of the interosseous membrane

A
  1. provide strength and stability between radius and ulna
  2. limit supination
  3. increase surface attachment
46
Q

which joint unites the hand to the forearm?

A

radiocarpal joint

47
Q

what type of joint is the radiocarpal?

A

condyloid

48
Q

what is the nerve supply of the radiocarpal joint?

A

median, radial and ulnar

49
Q

which ligaments attach superiorly to the radius and inferiorly to the scaphoid and lunate?

A

dorsal and palmar radiocarpals- extrinsic and acts like rope

50
Q

which ligament attaches the ulna to the scaphoid and lunate?

A

palmar ulnocarpal- extrinsic and acts like rope

51
Q

which ligaments attach from the styloid process of the ulna and radius to the carpal bones on respective sides? also strong ligaments

A

ulnar and radial collaterals

52
Q

intercarpal joints are classified as

A

plane gliding

53
Q

what are the movements of the carpometacarpal joints?

A

some flexion and extension when carrying out a “power grip”

54
Q

the carpometacarpal joint of digit one is different from the others in that it?

A

moves more freely and is considered a universal joint allowing almost all movements to occur

55
Q

intermetacarpal joints are?

A

plane gliding and only exist between the bases of the 2-5 metacarpals

gross exam 2 (2 decks)

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