joints and ligaments Flashcards
what type of ligament is found superficial to the capsular ligament?
extrinsic ligaments
what type of ligament is found deep to the capsular ligament?
intrinsic ligaments
ligaments prevent movement by either acting like a _____ or _______?
rope or wall
most stable joint of the upper extremity?
sternoclavicular
3 articulations of the sternoclavicular joint?
sternal end of clavicle
clavicular and costal notches of the sternum
medial end of first rib
what is found in the middle of the joint cavity, dividing it into 2 parts?
articular disk
what are the 2 functions of the articular disk?
- prevent clavicle from being displaced
2. act as a shock absorber for forces along the clavicle
what is the nerve supply of the sternoclavicular joint?
supraclavicular and nerve to the subclavius
which ligaments prevent excessive forward and backward movement and acts like a wall?
anterior and posterior sternoclavicular
which ligament functions to prevent displacement of the clavicle when 1 is carrying a heavy object? - also acts like a rope
interclavicular
which joint limits elevation at the medial end of the clavicle? (one hangs by their limb)- acts like a rope
costoclavicular
which sternoclavicular ligaments reinforce the capsular ligament?
anterior and posterior, costoclavicular
what is the nerve supply of the acromioclavicular joint? (3)
dorsal scapular
suprascapular
axillary
the acromioclavicular joint is what type of joint?
plane gliding
which ligaments prevent the clavicle from losing contact with the acromion process? also acts like a rope
superior and inferior acromioclavicular
which ligament is largely responsible for holding and suspending the weight of the scapula from the clavicle?
coracoclavicular
which ligament limits protraction, elevation and rotation of the scapula?
coracoclavicular
which joint has the greatest range of motion?
shoulder or glenohumeral joint
what is the nerve supply to the shoulder joint?
axillary and suprascapular
which ligament surrounds the shoulder joint and is thin and lax?
capsular ligament
the capsular ligament of the shoulder has an opening in its inferior lateral portion through which what muscle passes through?
long head of the biceps brachii
the capsular ligament of shoulder is strengthened by what?
ligaments and the rotator cuff muscle tendons
which ligament helps prevent lateral rotation of humerus at the shoulder joint?
glenohumeral
which shoulder ligament is intrinsic and acts like a rope?
glenohumeral
which ligament spans the inter tubercular groove converting it into a canal?
transverse humeral
which ligament keeps the long head of the biceps in place?
transverse humeral
which ligament limits lateral rotation of the humerus?
coracohumeral
which shoulder ligament is extrinsic and acts like a wall
coracoacromial
which ligament is small and spans the scapular notch?
suprascapular
why are the elbow and proximal radio-ulnar joints considered to be part of one complex? 3 reasons
- the radius and ulna are common articulating surfaces
- joint cavity of elbow is continuous with joint cavity of proximal R-U joint
- the ligaments are continuous
what are the articulations of the elbow joint?
the trochlea of the humerus w/ the trochlear notch of the ulna and the capitulum of the humerus w/ the head of the radius
what is the nerve supply of the elbow joint?
musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar
which ligament runs from the lat epi of the humerus to the annual ligament and why?
lateral or radial collateral and so that rotation of radius is not limited
which elbow ligament prevents adduction at the joint?
radial collateral
which elbow ligament prevents abduction at the joint?
ulnar collateral
which elbow ligament keeps the head of the radius in place and acts like a wall?
annular ligament
what type of joint is the proximal radio ulnar joint?
pivot/trochoid where only rotation is possible
which 2 ligaments are specific to the proximal radio-ulnar joint?
interosseous membrane and oblique cord
what are the functions of the interosseous membrane and oblique cord?
limit supination beyond anatomical position and are extrinsic and act like ropes
what is the nerve supply of the distal radio-ulnar joint?
radial
what type of joint is the distal radio-ulnar joint?
pivot or trochoid
which ligaments of the Distal R-U joint unite the distal ends of radius and ulna and prevent supination?
anterior and posterior transverse ligaments
what does the articular disc do?
it is a small piece of fibrocartilage which attaches the ulnar notch and styloid process of ulna and is the chief uniting structure of the joint
the opening in the superior part of the interosseous membrane allows passage of what?
posterior interosseous blood vessels
3 functions of the interosseous membrane
- provide strength and stability between radius and ulna
- limit supination
- increase surface attachment
which joint unites the hand to the forearm?
radiocarpal joint
what type of joint is the radiocarpal?
condyloid
what is the nerve supply of the radiocarpal joint?
median, radial and ulnar
which ligaments attach superiorly to the radius and inferiorly to the scaphoid and lunate?
dorsal and palmar radiocarpals- extrinsic and acts like rope
which ligament attaches the ulna to the scaphoid and lunate?
palmar ulnocarpal- extrinsic and acts like rope
which ligaments attach from the styloid process of the ulna and radius to the carpal bones on respective sides? also strong ligaments
ulnar and radial collaterals
intercarpal joints are classified as
plane gliding
what are the movements of the carpometacarpal joints?
some flexion and extension when carrying out a “power grip”
the carpometacarpal joint of digit one is different from the others in that it?
moves more freely and is considered a universal joint allowing almost all movements to occur
intermetacarpal joints are?
plane gliding and only exist between the bases of the 2-5 metacarpals
