Joints and Bones

Question 0

Support of the body
Protection of soft organs
Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
Storage of minerals and fats
Blood cell formation

Answer 0

Functions of bones

Question 1

How many bones?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

Longer than wide
Has a shaft with heads at both ends
Contain mostly compact bone
What kind and give examples.

Answer 2

Long bones

Femur, Humerus, Phalanges, Metacarpals

Question 3

Generally cube-shape
Contain mostly spongy bone
What kind and give examples

Answer 3

Short bones

Carpals, Tarsals

Question 4

Thin and flattened
Usually curved
Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
What kind and give examples.

Answer 4

Flat bones (Membrane bones)
Skull, ribs, sternum

Question 5

Irregular shape
Do not fit into other bones classification
What kind and give examples

Answer 5

Irregular bones

Vertebrae and hips

Question 6

1) Shaft, composed of compact done
2) ends of bone, composed mostly of spongy bone
3) in between 1 & 2.

Answer 6

1) Diaphysis
2) Epiphysis
3) Metaphysis

Question 7

What is the fiber present in bone?

Answer 7

Type 1 collagen fiber

Question 8

Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
Made of hyaline cartilage
Decreases friction at joint surfaces

Answer 8

Articular cartilage

Question 9

Cavity of the shaft
Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults
Contains red marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants

Answer 9

Medullary cavity

Question 10

What is another name for:

1) intramembranous and 2) intercartilagenous bone formation?

Answer 10

1) Direct type

2) indirect type or Endochondral bone formation

Question 11

Immovable joints

Give Examples

Answer 11

Functional classification (Mobility): Synarthroses
Structural Classification (Connecting medium): Fibrous joints
Examples: Sutures, Syndesmoses, Gomphosis

Note:
Syndesmoses allow more movement than sutures, found in distal end of tibia and fibula and the like.
Example of Gomphosis is the tooth and socket

Question 12

Slightly movable joints

Answer 12

Functional classification (Mobility): Amphiarthroses
Structural Classification (Connecting medium): Cartilaginous joints

Examples: Pubic symphysis, Intervertebral joints

Question 13

Freely movable joints

Answer 13

Functional classification (Mobility): Diarthroses
Structural Classification (Connecting medium): Synovial joints

Note: Synovial joints are covered by a capsule lined by serous membrane (simple squamous) that secrete fluid

Question 14

What covers primary cartilagenous joints and secondary cartilagenous joints?

Answer 14

Primary: Hyaline
Secondary: Fibrocartilage

Question 15

Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones.
Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule.
Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.
Ligaments reinforce the joint.

Answer 15

Synovial joint

Question 16

True or False:

Primary Amphiarthrosis is also known as Symphysis Fibrocartilage and is immovable.

Answer 16

False
Primary = Synchondrosis Hyaline = immovable
Ex: Sternum and Ribs

Note:
Secondary= Symphysis Fibrocartilage = movable
Ex: Pubic symphysis, Intervertebral discs

Question 17

Match the ff:

1) Plane A) Carpometacarpal of thumb
2) Hinge B) Knuckle
3) Pivot C) Radioulnar
4) Condyloid D) Sternoclavicular
5) Ellipsoidal E) Hip
6) Saddle. F) Wrist
7) Ball and Socket G) Ankle

Answer 17

1) Plane - D) Sternoclavicular
2) Hinge - G) Ankle
3) Pivot - C) Radioulnar
4) Condyloid - B) Knuckle
5) Ellipsoidal - F) Wrist
6) Saddle - A) Carpometacarpal of thumb
7) Ball and Socket - E) Hip