Joints - Anatomy

Question 1

What are the 2 classes of joints?

Answer 1

Synarthroses

Diarthroses

Question 2

Do synarthroses allow movement?

Answer 2

They allow no/very limited movement

Question 3

2 classes of synarthroses

Answer 3

Fibrous joint

Cartilaginous joint

Question 4

Types of synovial joints (6)

Answer 4

Ball-and-socket
Hinge joint
Planar joint
Pivot joint
Saddle joint
Condyloid joint

Question 5

Degrees of Freedom for hinge joint

Answer 5

1

Question 6

Movement allowed in a hinge joint

Answer 6

Flexion-Extension

Question 7

Examples of hinge joints in the body

Answer 7

Ulno-humeral (elbow)
Interphalangeal joints
Knee and ankle are atypical hinge joints

Question 8

Degrees of freedom for pivot joint

Answer 8

1

Question 9

Movement allowed by a pivot joint

Answer 9

Rotation

Question 10

Examples of pivot joints in the body

Answer 10

Radio-ulnar joint (allows supnation/pronation or forearm)

Atlanto-axial joint (allows head to turn left/right)

Question 11

Degrees of freedom for a condyloid joint

Answer 11

2

Question 12

Movement allowed by condyloid joint

Answer 12

Flexion-Extension

Abduction & Adduction

Question 13

Examples of condyloid joints in the body

Answer 13

Radio-carpal

1st-4th MCP

Question 14

Degrees of freedom for a ball-and-socket joint

Answer 14

3 (allows movement in all 3 planes)

Question 15

Movement allowed by a ball-and-socket joint

Answer 15

Flexion-Extension
Abduction & Adduction
Internal & External rotation

Question 16

Examples of ball-and-socket joints in the body

Answer 16

Gleno-humeral joint

Acetabulo-femoral joint

Question 17

Degrees of freedom for a plane joint

Answer 17

variable (translational)

Question 18

Movement allowed by a plane joint

Answer 18

Sliding and/or rotation

Question 19

Examples of plane joints in the body

Answer 19

Inter-carpal joints
Inter-tarsal joints
Sacro-iliac joint

Question 20

Degrees of freedom for a saddle joint

Answer 20

2

Question 21

Movement allowed for a saddle joint

Answer 21

Flexion-Extension

Abduction-Extension

Question 22

Examples of saddle joints in the body

Answer 22

1st CMC (base of thumb)
Sterno-clavicular joint

Question 23

What are the 2 layers of the synovial membrane

Answer 23

Intimal

Subintimal

Question 24

Describe the make-up of the intimal layer of the synovial membrane (2)

Answer 24

Contains fibroblasts (secrete lubricin)
Contains phagocytic macrophages

Question 25

Describe the make-up of the subintimal layer of the synovial membrane

Answer 25

Contains:
Blood vessels
Lymphatics
Type 1 collagen
Subintimal fibroblasts & macrophages

Question 26

What can we attribute the viscosity of synovial fluid to?

Answer 26

Hyaluronate

Question 27

Synovial membrane function (3)

Answer 27

Produce synovial fluid
Maintain synovial fluid volume
Providing a packing that can change shape in whatever way is needed

Question 28

Function of synovial fluid (4)

Answer 28

Shock absorber
Provide nutrients for cartilage
Remove waste from cartilage
Provides lubrication

Question 29

Joint functions (2)

Answer 29

Provide low-friction surface for motion

Transfer loads

Question 30

Examples of fibrous synarthroses in the body

Answer 30

Tibio-talar joint

Sutures in skill

Question 31

Examples of cartilaginous synarthroses in the body

Answer 31

Pubic symphysis
Costochondral joints (completely immovable)
Intervertebral discs