Joints - Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 2 classes of joints?
Synarthroses
Diarthroses
Do synarthroses allow movement?
They allow no/very limited movement
2 classes of synarthroses
Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
Types of synovial joints (6)
Ball-and-socket Hinge joint Planar joint Pivot joint Saddle joint Condyloid joint
Degrees of Freedom for hinge joint
1
Movement allowed in a hinge joint
Flexion-Extension
Examples of hinge joints in the body
Ulno-humeral (elbow)
Interphalangeal joints
Knee and ankle are atypical hinge joints
Degrees of freedom for pivot joint
1
Movement allowed by a pivot joint
Rotation
Examples of pivot joints in the body
Radio-ulnar joint (allows supnation/pronation or forearm)
Atlanto-axial joint (allows head to turn left/right)
Degrees of freedom for a condyloid joint
2
Movement allowed by condyloid joint
Flexion-Extension
Abduction & Adduction
Examples of condyloid joints in the body
Radio-carpal
1st-4th MCP
Degrees of freedom for a ball-and-socket joint
3 (allows movement in all 3 planes)
Movement allowed by a ball-and-socket joint
Flexion-Extension
Abduction & Adduction
Internal & External rotation
Examples of ball-and-socket joints in the body
Gleno-humeral joint
Acetabulo-femoral joint
Degrees of freedom for a plane joint
variable (translational)
Movement allowed by a plane joint
Sliding and/or rotation
Examples of plane joints in the body
Inter-carpal joints
Inter-tarsal joints
Sacro-iliac joint
Degrees of freedom for a saddle joint
2
Movement allowed for a saddle joint
Flexion-Extension
Abduction-Extension
Examples of saddle joints in the body
1st CMC (base of thumb) Sterno-clavicular joint
What are the 2 layers of the synovial membrane
Intimal
Subintimal
Describe the make-up of the intimal layer of the synovial membrane (2)
Contains fibroblasts (secrete lubricin) Contains phagocytic macrophages