Joints Flashcards
name the 3 main classification of joints
fibrous joint
cartilage joints
synovial joints
fibrous joints articulation
movement
the articulating surface are tightly linked by fibrous tissues that fills the joint space e.g the sutures of the skull and inferior tibiofibular joints
very little movement possible
cartilaginous joints articulation
types
space btw articulating bony surface is filled with cartilaginous pad.
two types
synchondroses
symphysis
synchondroses articulation, examples and movement
articulating surface are united by a plate or bar of hyaline cartilage e.g
epiphyseal plate btw epiphysis and diaphysis in a growing bone is a temporary example of synchondroses
first sternocostal joint btw first rib and the manubrium is a permenent synchondroses
No movement
Symphysis articulation, example and movement
is a cartilage joints in which the bones are united by fibrocartilage.
located along the midline of the body, intervertebral joints btw vetebral bodies, manubriosternal joint, and pubic symphysis.
small movement
Synovial joint articulation
movement
articular surfaces of synovial joints are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage and are separated by a fluid-filled joint cavity.
great range of movement
structure of synovial cavity
3 main features
CLinical significance
cavity lined by synovial membrane, tough fibrous membrane referred to as CAPSULE protects the exterior of synovial membrane
SYNOVIAL FLUID ; a viscous fluid which is produced by synovial membrane, lubricates the articular surfaces
In certain synovial joints, we have Articular DISCS: contain fatty pads lying btw the synovial membrane and fibrous capsule or bone
There are cases of inflammation of the joint (more synovial fluid as in a case of sinusitis)
Articular capsule classes and which of the contain synovial fluid
tight articular capsule restricts movement, when its loose and slack its easy to dislocate
FIBROUS CAPSULE AND SYNOVIAL CAPSULE
synovial capsule contains synovial fluid
how does synovial fluid lubricates the articulation area
when pressure is applied, the hyaline cartilage is soaked with the synovial fluid ( d water comes out and make a layer on the surface of the articulation)
when no pressure; water remains where it is (within the hyaline cartilage
Ligaments relations with the joint
presence of fibrous ligament uniting the bone all contribute to limiting the degree of movement in synovial joints
ligaments lay outside the capsule are referred to as extracapsular lig
however important ligaments like (e.g cruciate ligaments in the knee) lie within the capsule and are termed intracapsular lig.
joints type and examples
plane joints; wrist, sternoclavicular,acromioclavicular
Hinge joint; knee and humeroulnar , talocrural ( ankle),
Pivot joint; atlantoaxial, sup radioulnar joint
Condyloid joint; metercarpophelangeal joints in the hands
Saddle; carpalmetarcapal joint of d thumb
Ball and socket; glenohumeral and hip joint
Elliopsoid; radiocarpal (wrist ) joints
Name 3 factors that determines joint stability
shape of articular surface
Ligaments
Muscle tone
how does joints receive nerve supply
joint capsule and ligaments, also supplies muscles moving d joint and d skin overlying the insertion of muscle
why are some joint particularly susceptible to dislocation
lack of support by ligaments
poor shape of articular surfaces
absence of adequate muscular support
Syringomyelia
its a Dx of nervous system where the sensation of pain in a joint is lost, this means that the warning sensations of pain felt when a joint moves beyond its normal range are not experienced. Results in destruction of joint.
how does knowledge of classification of joints helps with regard to Dxs
certain dx affects only certain joint. e.g gonococcal arthritis affects large synovial joints such as the ankle, elbow, wrist
whereas tuberculous arthritis also affects synovial joints and may start in the synovial membrane or in the bone
dual nerve supply
more than one joint may receive the same nerve supply, e.g obturator nerve supplies both the hip and knee joints thus, a patient with dx limited to one of these joints may experience pain in both
inflammation of the prepatellar bursa or housemaind knee
may occur as a result of trauma from repeated kneeling on a hard surface
Mesotendon, synovial sheath
C/S
mesotendon; blood vessels enters the tendon
synovial sheet; tubular bursa that surrounds a tendon
Tenosynovitis; inflammation of a tendon and its synovial sheaths. May also lead to permenent contraction of synovial sheath and obstruct efficient sliding of the tendon
