Joints

Question 1

What makes up the knee joint?

Answer 1

• The patella- allows smooth movement of the muscle
• The condyles of the femur and tibia

In between the condyles we find the fibrocartilage meniscus ( lateral and medial)

THE KNEE JOINT IS A SYNOVIAL HINGE JOINT

Question 2

Hip Joint

Answer 2

• A SYNOVIAL BALL AND SOCKET JOINT
• Comprised of the Femur ( femur fractures d/t osteoporosis) and Acetabulum of the pelvis
• A weight bearing joint- more stable ( and somewhat less mobile) than shoulder

Question 3

PELVIC GIRDLE

Answer 3

• Pelvic bone ( Hip bones)

- Sacrum ( fused bones)

Question 4

Hip joint

Answer 4

• Femur

- Acetabulum of the pelvis

Question 5

Knee joint

Answer 5

• Patella

- Condyles of the femur and tibia

Question 6

Ankle joint

Answer 6

Tibia, Fibula, Talus

Question 7

PROXIMAL RADIOULNAR JOINT

Answer 7

• It is located between the head of the radius and radial notch on ulna.
• Rotation of the radial head in the notch results in proton action and supination

Question 8

Elbow joint

Answer 8

Synovial hinge joint: Humero-radial and Humero- Ulnar: Make flexion and extension possible

Synovial Pivot joint- Radio-ulnar; Make prolongation and supination possible

-Between Olecranon process of the ulnar and Trochlear of the Humerus and HEAD of radius and Capitulum of humerus

Question 9

GLENOHUMERAL /SHOULDER JOINT

Answer 9

Synovial Ball and Socket joint

• Articulation between head of humerus and Glenoid fossa/cavity -part of the scapula ( which is part of the shoulder)
• Responsible for a wide range of movements

Question 10

WRIST JOINT

Answer 10

Between distal end of radius and Scaphoid and Lunate ( Carpals)

Question 11

PRIMARY CURVATURE PRESENT AT BIRTH

Answer 11

Concave Anterior (Kyphotic)

Question 12

Secondary curvature that develops over time

Answer 12

CONVEX ANTERIOR ( Lordotic)

Question 13

What are ZYGAPOPHYSEAL JOINTS?

Answer 13

These are synovial joints ( Articular surfaces covered with hyaline cartilage)

-They are located between superior and inferior Articular facets of adjacent vertebrae

Question 14

Example of a Cartilaginous joint

Answer 14

The intervertebral disc

• Inner - Nucleus Polposus-made of gel-like substance
• Outer- Anullus Fibrosus- made of fibrocartilage

Note: When the Nucleus Polposus slips out through the Anullus Fibrosus, that’s what we call a herniated disc.

Question 15

JOINTS OF THE AXIAL SKELETON

Answer 15

• ATLANTOCCIPITAL- between the occipital condyles ( of the skull) and the lateral masses of the Atlas (C2) -YES SIGNAL
• ATLANTOAXIAL- between the Atlas and Axis.NO SIGNAL- LaTeral movement of head ( side to side)
• INTERVERTEBRAL-Intervertebral discs
• ZYGAPOPHYSEAL ( facet)- In between facets
• INTER-LAMINA

Question 16

Classes of synovial joints ( Peter Has Paul’s Car So BeSmart)

Answer 16

I-Plantar joints- between the Navicular and 2nd and 3rd cuneiforms of the tarsus in foot

2- Hinge joint - between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna at the elbow

3- Pivot joint-between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna

4- Condyloid joint- between the radius and scaphoid and lunate bones of the carpus ( wrist)

5- Saddle joint- Trapezium of the carpus( wrist) and metacarpal of thumb

6-Ball and Socket joint- between the head of the femur and acetabulum of the hip bone

Question 17

Six criteria of Synovial joints

Answer 17

• Articular surfaces covered with hyaline cartilage
• Joint cavity with synovial fluid
• Has a joint capsule
• Has a synovial membrane
• Reinforced by ligaments internally, externally or both
• Capable of varying degrees of movement

Question 18

Classifications of joint

Answer 18

• Fibrous- bones are only separated by connective tissue with negligible movement
• Cartilage-Primary Cartilaginous-synchrodosis and Secondary Cartilaginous- symphysis
• Synovial

Question 19

Joints

Answer 19

Regions of the skeleton where bones meet and articulate with each other.

Function is to either allow movement or growth