Joints Flashcards
what are the 3 joint types?
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
give 3 examples of fibrous joints?
periodontal ligament
cranial sutures
interosseus membranes
what is the difference between primary and secondary cartilaginous joints?
primary (synchondrosis) contains only hyaline cartillage
secondary (symphysis) contains hyaline and fibrous cartilage
what are the main features of the synovial joint?
articular cartilage
synovial cavity (contains synovial fluid)
synovial membrane
fibrous capsule
what type of cartilage is found in a synovial joint?
articular cartilage
what are bursae?
fluid filled pillows which reduce fracture around joints
what are articular discs made of?
fibrocartilage
give an example of a synovial plane joint.
between tarsal bones and also between metacarpal bones
give an example of a synovial hinge joint.
elbow joint
give an example of a synovial saddle joint.
carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
give an example of a synovial condylar joint.
between the trapezium carpal bone and the 1st metacarpal - wrist joint
also C1 and occipital conyle joint- atlas
give an example fo a synovial ball and socket joint.
shoulder
give an example of a synovial pivot joint.
between fibula and tibia
between ulnar and radius
C1 and C2- axis
what type of cartilage is articular cartilage?
hyaline cartilage
what are the 2 layers of articular cartilage and what do they produce?
superficial layer contains flattened chondrocytes that produce collagen and glycoprotein i.e. lubrican
transitionalyer layer contains round chondrocytes that produce proteoglycans i.e. aggrecan
how is nutrients transported to cartilage?
via synovial fluid
what produces synovial fluid?
synoviocytes in the synovial membrane (synovium)
what’s the difference between the 2 types of synoviocytes?
type a looks like macrophages - remote derby and contribute to synovial fluid production
type B look like fibroblasts and are the main producer of synovial fluid
what type of synoviocyte is the main producer of synovial fluid?
type B
what are the functions of synovial fluid?
nutrition to cartilage
removal of waste products
lubrication - less friction - less wear
why is joint conditions common in the elderly?
because synovial fluid viscosity increases and water content of cartilage decreases resulting in more friction, less protection of articular surfaces = increased risk of damage
