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Musculo Skeletal System > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is a joint?

A

Where 2 or more bones (or bone and cartilage) meet

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2
Q

Function of joints

A

Facilitate growth and transmit forces

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3
Q

3 titles if classifying by movement

A
  1. Synarthroses
  2. Amphiarthroses
  3. Diarthroses
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4
Q

How much movement do u get a a synarthroses? Give example

A

No movement, suture

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5
Q

How much movement at diarthroses?

A

Lots of movement eg knee joint

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6
Q

How much movement at amphiarthroses?

A

Limited eg joints between invertebral column

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7
Q

Name the 3 classes of joints under the soft tissue structure classification

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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8
Q

Name 3 types of fibrous joints

A

Gomphosis, syndesmosis, sutures

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9
Q

Describe syndesmosis

A

Fibrous membrane between bones eg radioulnar interosseous membrane

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10
Q

Describe gomphosis

A

‘Peg and socket’ eg teeth in jaw

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11
Q

How many types of cartilaginous joints are there?

A

2= primary and secondary

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12
Q

Describe primary cartilaginous joints and give examples

A

Bone-hyaline cartilage-bone

Eg epiphyseal plates, first costosternal joint

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13
Q

Name for primary cartilaginous joint

A

Synchondrosis

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14
Q

What is a symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous joint

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15
Q

Describe a secondary cartilaginous joint

A

Bone-hyaline cartilage-fibrous cartilage-hyaline cartilage-bone

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16
Q

Examples of symphysis

A

Joints of the sternum, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

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17
Q

Where are secondary cartilaginous joints found?

A

Mid line of axial skeleton

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18
Q

Why does articular cartilage take a long time to heal?

A

It is a venous- lacks blood supply

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19
Q

Name main features of synovial joint

A

Fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, articular cavity

20
Q

Why is friction-less movement at a synovial joint important?

A

To protect the bones

21
Q

What do you call the structure that forms when the fibrous capsule of a joint is thickened along lines of stress?

A

Ligament

22
Q

How do ligaments protect the joint?

A

They restrict movement/ prevent unwanted movements

23
Q

Are intrinsic ligaments part of capsule?

A

Yes

24
Q

Are extrinsic ligaments part of the capsule?

A

No they are outside the capsule

25
Q

What happens when ur ligaments are loose?

A

Double jointed

26
Q

Ligaments go from what structure to what structure?

A

Bone to bone

27
Q

What type of cartilage is articular cartilage?

A

Hyaline

28
Q

What secretes the synovial fluid?

A

Synovial membrane

29
Q

What does the synovial fluid consist of?

A

Hyaluronic acid, lubricin, some phagocytic cells

30
Q

What provides nutrients and o2 to and removes waste from the articular cartilage?

A

Synovial fluid

31
Q

Explain the importance of how synovial fluid changes it’s properties

A

The alignment of glycoprotein molecules changes with exercise. Becomes thicker and more viscous when shear force is applied but less viscous and runny during exercise so that lubrications improves. It is a dilatent liquid

32
Q

Synovial fluid provides:

A

Lubrications, nutrition and acts as a shock absorber

33
Q

What do intra-articular discs do and what type of movement joint are they found in?

A

They deepen the socket and they are found in joints eg the knee where there are rotatory movements

34
Q

What are bursae?

A

Closed sacs lines with synovial membrane, lubricated with synovial fluid

35
Q

Function of bursae

A

Provides a cushion between bone and tendon and/ or muscle. Prevents rubbing which might cause an inflammatory disease eg tendinitis.

36
Q

What is bursitis?

A

Inflammation of bursae

37
Q

What are synovial sheaths?

A

Special bursae that surround tendons where they are subject to pressure.

38
Q

Where are synovial sheaths found?

A

In hands and feet

39
Q

In how many planes do ball and socket joints allow movement in?

A

3

40
Q

A joint that allows movement in one plane

A

Hinge eg knee

41
Q

3 factors that affect stability of joint

A

Shape of bones
Strength and position if ligaments
Tone of surrounding muscle

42
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

A continuous and passive contraction. Helps to stabilise the joint

43
Q

What is proprioception?

A

Body’s awareness of its position in space

44
Q

Name the degenerative disease of articular cartilage of weight bearing joints

A

Osteoarthritis

45
Q

Describe rheumatoid arthritis

A

Autoimmune disease which leads to changes in the synovium which leads to the destruction of articular cartilage

46
Q

What joints does rheumatoid arthritis attack

A

Synovial

Musculo Skeletal System (2 decks)

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