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A&P Joints > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Articulation

A

Site where two bones meet.

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2
Q

Joint functions

A

Holds skeleton together & gives skeleton mobility.

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3
Q

Structural classification of joints

A

Fibrous
Cartiloginous
Synovial

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4
Q

Functional classification of joints

A

Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis

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5
Q

3 types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

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6
Q

(Fibrous) Sutures

A

Found only in the skull. Short interconnecting fibers.

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7
Q

(Fibrous) Syndesmoses

A

Invisible joints. Bones connected by ligaments. Range from immovable to slightly moveable.
Examples: Synarthrotic distal tibioibular joint
Diarthrotics connection between radius and ulna

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8
Q

(Fibrous) Gomphoses

A

Teeth sockets. Periodontal ligaments.

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9
Q

Synovial joints

A

All are diarthrotic. All limb joints (most of body)

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10
Q

5 distinguished features:

A
  1. Articular/Hyaline cartilage
  2. Synovial fluid
  3. Joint (Synovial) cavity; small space
  4. Joint capsule (articular capsule)
  5. Rich nerve & blood supply
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11
Q

Friction-reducing structures

A

Bursae & tendon sheath

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12
Q

Bursae

A

Flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane. Synovial fluid.
“Ball bearings.”

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13
Q

Tendon Sheath

A

Elongated sacs contain synovial fluid and wraps completely around tendon.

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14
Q

Synovial Joint Movements

A
  1. Gliding
  2. Angular
  3. Rotation
  4. Special movements
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15
Q

Gliding

A

Flat bone surface glides/slips another similar surface. Intercarpals/carpals: wrists

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16
Q

Angular

A 
Flexion
Extension
Hypertension
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
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17
Q

Flexion

A

Decreases the angle of joint.

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18
Q

Extension

A

Increases angle of joints.

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19
Q

Hypertension

A

Excessive extension of normal range of motion

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20
Q

Abduction

A

Away from the midline.

21
Q

Adduction

A

Toward midline.

22
Q

Circumduction

A

Flexion+Adduction+Abduction+Extension

23
Q

Rotation

A

Turning of a bone

24
Q

Special movements

A 
Supination
Pronation
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Inversion
Eversion
Protraction 
Retraction
Elevation
Depression
Opposition
25
Q

Supination

A

Palms facing anteriorly. Radius and ulna are parallel.

26
Q

Pronation

A

Palms facing posteriorly. Radius rotates over ulna.

27
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Toes pointing towards shin

28
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Pointing toes down

29
Q

Inversion

A

Sole of foot faces medially.

30
Q

Eversion

A

Sole of foot faces laterally.

31
Q

Protraction

A

Mandible juts out.

32
Q

Retraction

A

Mandible is pulled toward neck.

33
Q

Elevation

A

Lifting body part superiorly; shrugging shoulders.

34
Q

Depression

A

Lowering body part; gasp

35
Q

Opposition

A

thumb

36
Q

Classification of Synovial Joints

A 
Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball & socket
37
Q

Plane

A

Flat articular surfaces gliding movements; wrists.

38
Q

Hinge

A

Motion along a single plane. Flexion & Extension.

mandible cylindrical into trough shape

39
Q

Pivot

A

Round end of one bone fits into sleeve/ring of another one.

  • radius*
  • atlas rotates on pivot point*
40
Q

Condyloid

A

Permits all angular movements.

Oval articular surface of bone fits into oval shaped depression of another

41
Q

Saddle

A

Allow greater freedom of movement. Concave & convex areas.

42
Q

Ball and socket

A

Rounded head of one bone fits into cuplike depression of another.

43
Q

Common Joint Injuries

A

Sprains, Cartilage tears, dislocations.

44
Q

Sprain

A

Ligaments are stretched or torn. Partial tears slowly repair themselves. Complete ruptures; surgical repairs.

45
Q

Cartilage tears

A

Rarely repair themselves. Fragments may cause joint to lock or bind.

46
Q

Dislocations

A

Bones forced out of alignment.

Sprains, inflammation, joint immobilization.

47
Q

Arthritis

A

Over 100 different types of inflammatory/degenerative
Most widespread crippling disease
Pain stiffness, swelling

48
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Overuse of joints. Common, irreversible, degenerative. Normal aging process. More cartilage destroyed than replaced.

49
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Inflammatory, autoimmune. Cells migrate to joints. Synovial membrane thickens, erodes cartilage, scar tissue forms, articulating bone ends connect.

A&P Joints (1 decks)

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