Joints Flashcards
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
In what way is cartilage similar and different to bone?
Innumerable collagen fibres reinforce the matrix of both tissues, and like bone, cartilage consists of more extracellular substance than cells. However, in cartilage yjr fibres are embedded in a firm gel-like substance rather than a calcified cement. Cartilage has the flexibility of a firm plastic material whereas bone has the rigidity of cast iron
.Another difference is that no canal system and blood vessels penetrate through the cartilage matrix, so nutrients and oxygen can reach the scattered, isolated chondrocytes through the matrix gel from capillaries in the fibrous covering called the perichondrium or from the synovial fluid in the articular cartilage.
How do the 3 cartilage types differ from each other?
Largely by the amount of matrix material that is present and also by the relative amounts of elastin and collagenous fibres that are embedded in them. Hyaline is the most abundant type, and both elastic and fibrocartilage are considered modifications of the hyaline type. Collagenous fibres are present in all types but most numerous in fibrocartilage. Hence it has the greatest tensile strength. Elastic cartilage matrix contains more elastic fibres, as well as collagenous fibres, and thus elasticity as well as firmness.
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
As well as the articulating substances of bones, hyaline cartilage forms the costal cartilages that connect the anterior ends of the ribs with the sternum. It also forms cartilage rings in the trachea, bronchi of the lungs and the tip of the nose.
Where is elastic cartilage found?
Gives form to the external ear, the epiglottis that covers the covering of the respiratory tract when swallowing, the euatchian.
Where id fibrocartilage found?
The pubis symphysis, the intervertebral disks and near the points of the attachments of some large tendons to bones.
What is the function of cartilage?
The tough, rubberlike nature of cartilage permits it to sustain great weight when covering the articulating surfaces of bones. It may also serve as a shock-absorbing pad between the articulating bones in the spine. In other areas, such as the external ear, nose, or respiratory passages, cartilage provides a strong, yet pliable support structure that resists the deformation or collapse of tubular passages. Cartilage permits growth in the length of long bones and is largely responsible for their adult shape and size.
What is a joint?
An articulation - a pont of contact between bones. Although most joints in the body allow considerable movement, some are completely immovable or permit only limited emotion or motion in only one plane or direction
What are the three structural classifications of joints?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
synovial
What are the three functional classifications of joints?
synarthrosis (immovable)
ampiarthroses (slightly movable)
diarthroses (freely movable)
What are the two names for sutures found in the skull?
Synarthroses, fibrosis (immovable)
What are the two names for the joint found in the pubic symphysis?
Ampiarthroses, cartilaginous
What are the two names for the joint found in the shoulder?
Diarthroses, synovial
What are synovial joints?
Freely movable joints. They are not only the body’s most mobile but also most numerous and anatomically complex joints. A majority of the joints betweens bones in the appendicular skeleton are synovial.
What does a synovial joint contain?
Joint capsule Synovial membrane Articular cartilage joint cavity menisci ligaments bursae
