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ANAPHY > JOINTS > Flashcards

JOINTS Flashcards

1
Q

where two bones connect; allow for movement to occur

A

joints or articulations

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2
Q

determines function of joint

A

joint structure

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3
Q

increased mobility means

A

loss of strength

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4
Q

classification scheme of joints based on joint anatomy

A

structural

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5
Q

classification scheme of joints based on range of motion

A

functional

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6
Q

structural classification of joints where it is held together by dense fibrous connective tissue or a fibrous ligament

A

fibrous

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7
Q

joint between the bones of the skull

A

suture

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8
Q

joint between a tooth and its bony socket

A

gomphosis

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9
Q

bones connected by a ligament

A

syndesmosis

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10
Q

example of syndesmosis

A

distal joint between tibia and fibula

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11
Q

held together by cartilage

A

cartilaginous

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12
Q

rigid cartilaginous connection between two bones

A

synchondrosis

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13
Q

example of synchondrosis

A

vertebrosternal joint of first rib

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14
Q

bones connected by a pad of fibrocartilage

A

symphysis

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15
Q

rigid ossified joint

A

bony

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16
Q

two bones fuse and the boundary between them disappears

A

synostosis

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17
Q

enclosed by a capsule filled with synovial fluid

A

synovial

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18
Q

immovable joint that can be fibrous cartilaginous or bony

A

synarthrosis

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19
Q

slightly movable join that can be fibrous or cartilaginous

A

amphiarthrosis

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20
Q

freely movable joint which are all synovial joints

A

diarthrosis

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21
Q

freely movable joints at the ends of long bones; surrounded by joint capsule (articular capsule) continuous with periosteum; contains inner synovial membrane and outer fibrous capsule

A

synovial joints

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22
Q

fluid from the synovial membrane that fills the joint cavity

A

synovial fluid

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23
Q

covers articulating surfaces and prevents direct contact between bones

A

articular cartilage

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24
Q

clear viscous solution which resembles interstitial fluid but contains proteoglycans with high concentration of hyaluronan; found inside joints in small amounts

A

synovial fluid

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25
Q

primary functions of synovial fluid

A

lubrication
nutrient distribution for chondrocytes
shock absorption

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26
Q

protect and stabilize the synovial joint

A

accessory structures of synovial joints

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27
Q

fibrous cartilage pad between opposing bones

A

meniscus

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28
Q

localized masses of adipose tissue covered by synovial membrane; protect articular cartilage and pack the joint space

A

fat pads

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29
Q

support and strengthen joints

A

ligaments

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30
Q

partially torn ligament

A

sprain

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31
Q

outside the joint

A

extracapsular

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32
Q

inside the joint

A

intracapsular

33
Q

attach muscles to and stabilize the joint

A

tendons

34
Q

small pockets filled with synovial fluid; reduce friction and act as shock absorbers; cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub

A

bursae

35
Q

inflammation due to repetitive motion, pressure, infection, or trauma that results in swollen bursae with excess synovial fluid

A

bursitis

36
Q

factors that stabilize synovial joints

A

prevent injury by limiting range of motion
collagen fibers
shapes or articulating surfaces and menisci
other bones muscles or fat pads
tension in tendons

37
Q

full movement at a particular joint

A

range of motion

38
Q

joint that permits movement around one axis

A

monoaxial

39
Q

joint that permits movement around two axes

A

biaxial

40
Q

joint that permits movement around three axes

A

triaxial

41
Q

movement when two flat surfaces slide past each other

A

gliding movement

42
Q

movement when changing angles

A

angular movements

43
Q

decreases the angle between articulating bones in the anterior-posterior plane (papasok)

A

flexion

44
Q

increases angle between articulating bones in the anterior-posterior plane (palabas)

A

extension

45
Q

extension past the normal anatomical limit

A

hyperextension

46
Q

angular movement where movement is away from longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane

A

abduction

47
Q

angular movement where movement is toward the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane

A

adduction

48
Q

complete circular movement without rotation

A

circumduction

49
Q

rotation in reference to anatomical position

A

rotational movement

50
Q

relative to the longitudinal axis of the body

A

limb rotation

51
Q

internal rotation toward longitudinal axis of the trunk

A

medial rotation

52
Q

external rotation away from the longitudinal axis of the trunk

A

lateral rotation

53
Q

rotates forearm so that radius rolls across ulna and palm faced posteriorly

A

pronation

54
Q

palm turns anteriorly

A

supination

55
Q

movements at specific joints

A

special movements

56
Q

twists the sole of the foot medially

A

inversion

57
Q

twists the sole of the foot laterally

A

eversion

58
Q

flexion at the ankle (lifting toes)

A

dorsiflexion

59
Q

extension at the ankle (pointing toes)

A

plantar flexion

60
Q

movement of the thumb toward palm or other fingers

A

opposition

61
Q

returns thumb and finger from opposition

A

reposition

62
Q

movement of a body part anteriorly in the horizontal plane (forward)

A

protraction

63
Q

pulling back or opposite of protraction

A

retraction

64
Q

moving a structure inferiorly (down)

A

depression

65
Q

moving a structure superiorly (up)

A

elevation

66
Q

bending the vertebral column to the side

A

lateral flexion

67
Q

flattened or slightly curved surfaces that slide against each one another; gliding joint; limited motion (nonaxial, gliding)

A

plane joint

68
Q

permits angular motion in a single plane (monaxial, angular)

A

hinge joint

69
Q

oval articular face nested within a depression on the opposite surface; permits angular motion of two planes (biaxial, angular); ellipsoid joint

A

condylar joint

70
Q

articular faces that fit together like a rider in a saddle; permits angular motion in two planes (biaxial)

A

saddle joint

71
Q

permits rotation; monaxial

A

pivot joint

72
Q

round head of one bone fits in a cup-shaped depression in another; permits for angular movement, circumduction, and rotation; triaxial

A

ball-and-socket joint

73
Q

joints between adjacent vertebral bodies and adjacent vertebral articular processes

A

intervertebral joints

74
Q

connected by symphyses

A

adjacent vertebral bodies

75
Q

connect adjacent articular processes

A

plane diarthrosis synovial joints

76
Q

what joins the first two cervical vertebrae

A

pivot diarthrosis synovial joint (atlanto-axial joint)

77
Q

fibrocartilage discs that separate adjacent vertebral bodies

A

intervertebral discs

78
Q

tough outer layer of fibrocatilage that attaches the disc to the vertebrae

A

anuylus fibrosus

ANAPHY (1 decks)

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