JOINTS Flashcards
Bending a joint so that the angle between bones decreases
Flexion
movement not permitted or extremely limited
Synarthrotic (Synarthroses) JOINT
Provide slight back-and-forth or sliding movement
Nonaxial JOINT
the movement away from the midline
Horizontal abduction: shoulder or hip moves the extremity away from the midline in the horizontal plane
Abduction
lateral or outward rotation; forearm bones in a parallel position
Supination
movement of the ankle so the foot moves superiorly; towards the top of the foot
(Toward the dorsum of the foot)
Dorsiflexion
turning the foot inward so the bottom faces the midline
Inversion
Side Note:
(Foot has a greater range of inversion than eversion)
ringed/notched surface fits into a projection; allows rotation
Pivot
SIDE NOTE:
(Ex: Joints w/in the elbow (radioulnar joints) joint between first (the atlas) and second (axis) cervical vertebra (atlantoaxial joint) (the “no-no” joint)
concave surface fits into a convex surface; allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition, reposition, and circumduction, but not rotation
Saddle
SIDE NOTE:
Ex: thumb joint between a carpal bone (trapezium) & first metacarpal bone (carpometacarpal joint of the thumb) and the sternoclavicular (SC) joint
Resemble a rider in a saddle
Shallow ball & socket joint; oval-shaped surface fits into concave (depression/socket); allows flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction; Ex: wrist
Condyloid (Ellipsoidal)
convex surface fits into the concave surface; allows flexion and extension
Hinge
Provide movement in one axis
Uniaxial joints
SIDE NOTE:
(Elbow (Hinge) joint)
circular or conical movement; one end is relatively fixed and the other end moves in a circle
Circumduction
inferior/downward movement of the scapula or mandible
Depression
posterior/backward movements of the scapula or mandible
Retraction
SIDE NOTE:
(Also called retrusion)
side-to-side movements of the mandible
Excursion
SIDE NOTE:
(Also called, lateral deviation)
shoulder or hip moves the extremity toward the midline in the horizontal plane
Horizontal adduction
medial or inward rotation; forearm bones cross to form an X
Pronation
turning the foot outward so the bottom faces away from the midline
Eversion
ball-shaped bone fitting into socket-shaped bone
Ball and socket
SIDE NOTE:
(Allows all movements
Most movable joints; greatest ROM
*More movement (ROM) 🡪 less stability
Example: Hips (iliofemoral/acetabulofemoral joints) and shoulders (glenohumeral [gh] joints)).
