JOINTS

Question 1

Bending a joint so that the angle between bones decreases

Answer 1

Flexion

Question 2

movement not permitted or extremely limited

Answer 2

Synarthrotic (Synarthroses) JOINT

Question 3

Provide slight back-and-forth or sliding movement

Answer 3

Nonaxial JOINT

Question 4

the movement away from the midline
Horizontal abduction: shoulder or hip moves the extremity away from the midline in the horizontal plane

Answer 4

Abduction

Question 5

lateral or outward rotation; forearm bones in a parallel position

Answer 5

Supination

Question 6

movement of the ankle so the foot moves superiorly; towards the top of the foot
(Toward the dorsum of the foot)

Answer 6

Dorsiflexion

Question 7

turning the foot inward so the bottom faces the midline

Answer 7

Inversion
Side Note:

(Foot has a greater range of inversion than eversion)

Question 8

ringed/notched surface fits into a projection; allows rotation

Answer 8

Pivot

SIDE NOTE:
(Ex: Joints w/in the elbow (radioulnar joints) joint between first (the atlas) and second (axis) cervical vertebra (atlantoaxial joint) (the “no-no” joint)

Question 9

concave surface fits into a convex surface; allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition, reposition, and circumduction, but not rotation

Answer 9

Saddle

SIDE NOTE:
Ex: thumb joint between a carpal bone (trapezium) & first metacarpal bone (carpometacarpal joint of the thumb) and the sternoclavicular (SC) joint
Resemble a rider in a saddle

Question 10

Shallow ball & socket joint; oval-shaped surface fits into concave (depression/socket); allows flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction; Ex: wrist

Answer 10

Condyloid (Ellipsoidal)

Question 11

convex surface fits into the concave surface; allows flexion and extension

Answer 11

Hinge

Question 12

Provide movement in one axis

Answer 12

Uniaxial joints

SIDE NOTE:
(Elbow (Hinge) joint)

Question 13

circular or conical movement; one end is relatively fixed and the other end moves in a circle

Answer 13

Circumduction

Question 14

inferior/downward movement of the scapula or mandible

Answer 14

Depression

Question 15

posterior/backward movements of the scapula or mandible

Answer 15

Retraction

SIDE NOTE:
(Also called retrusion)

Question 16

side-to-side movements of the mandible

Answer 16

Excursion

SIDE NOTE:
(Also called, lateral deviation)

Question 17

shoulder or hip moves the extremity toward the midline in the horizontal plane

Answer 17

Horizontal adduction

Question 18

medial or inward rotation; forearm bones cross to form an X

Answer 18

Pronation

Question 19

turning the foot outward so the bottom faces away from the midline

Answer 19

Eversion

Question 20

ball-shaped bone fitting into socket-shaped bone

Answer 20

Ball and socket

SIDE NOTE:
(Allows all movements
Most movable joints; greatest ROM
*More movement (ROM) 🡪 less stability
Example: Hips (iliofemoral/acetabulofemoral joints) and shoulders (glenohumeral [gh] joints)).