joints Flashcards
what are the 5 head and body bones?
cranium,scapula,ribs,sternum,clavicle
what are the 4 bones of the arm and hand?
humerus, ulna, radius, carpals
what are the 5 bones of the leg and foot?
femur, tibia, fibia, patella, talus
what are the 4 different types of bones?
long, short, irregular and flat bones
what do long bones help do?
create leverage (humerus)
what do short bones help do?
specialise for fine movements (talus)
what do flat bones do?
tough and can with stand impact (cranium)
what do irregular bones do?
provide shape and protection (patella)
what are the 5 functions of the skeleton?
support,shape,protect,movement,mineral storage, blood cell production
what is cartilage?
covers ends of bones providing a smooth surface
what is a tendon?
attaches a muscle to a bone
what are hinge joints?
joints that allow flexion and extension.
what is a synovial joint?
commonly found in limbs, contains synovial membrane to produce synovial fluid
what us synovial fluid?
acts as a lubricate on the bones
an example of a ball and socket joint and movement from it
shoulder- rotation- swimming breastroke
an example of a hinge joint and movememt from it
elbow- foward and back-passing a ball
what is a ligament?
attaches bone to bone
name the bones involved, type of joint and movement in a shoulder?
humerus + scapula- ball and socket- all of movements
name the bones involved, type of joint and movement in a elbow?
humerus+ulna+radius- hinge joint- flexion and extension
name the bones involved, type of joint and movement in the hip?
femur+pelvis-ball and socket- all of the movements
name the bones involved, type of joint and movement in the knee?
femur+tibia- hinge joint- flexion and extension
name the bones involved, type of joint and movement in an ankle?
tibia, fibulam talus- hinger- rotation, planter flexion, dorsiflexion
what is flexion?
movement that reduced the angle between the bones
what is extension?
movement that increases the angle between the bones
what is abduction?
movement that takes away the limps from the body
what is adduction?
movement that takes limps towards the body
what is rotation?
movement around a joint turning
what is an agonist?
muscle that causes movement
what is an antagonist?
muscles that relaxes
what is isotonic movement?
action where muscles change length
what is isometric movement?
action where muscles stay the same length
what is a concentric movement?
isotonic contraction where the muscles shorten
what is eccentric movement?
isotonic contractions where the muscle lengths
what are the 3 types of muscles?
voluntary (skeletal), involuntary (smooth), cardiac(heart)
what are antagonist and agonist pairs?
one muscle contracts and the other relaxes
give an example of a antagonist and agonist pair
bicep + tricep
name your arm muscles
bicep (top) tricep (bottom
name your upper body muscles
deltoids (shoulder), pectorals (chest), abdominals (stomach), latissimus dorsi (back)
name your leg muscles
hamstrings (back thigh), quads (front thigh), gastronemius (calf), tibilais anterior (outisde muscle)
name your middle body muscles
hip flexor, gluteals
