Joints Flashcards
3 Types of Joints
- Fibrous
- Synovial
- Cartilaginous
Fibrous joints
Most stable
Least mobile
Three types:
- Sutures - eg coronal suture
- Syndesmoses - sheets between bones
- Fontanelles - in neonatal skull
Cartilaginous Joints
Relatively stable
Limited mobility
Primary Cartilaginous
- Syndesmoses - permit growth of bone. eg epiphiseal growth plate
Secondary Cartilaginous
- Symphyses - strong, slightly moveable. eg intervertebral discs
Synovial Joints
When 2 or more bones are articulating with each other
Have hyaline cartilage
Surrounded in capsule
Has joint cavity filled with synovial fluid
Ligaments
Associated with skeletal muscle
Bursae - prevent friction between bones
Types of synovial joints
- pivot
- plane
- hinge
- biaxial - condyloid + saddle
- ball and socket
Subluxation
Reduced area of contact between Articular (joint) surfaces
Dislocation
Complete loss of contact between Articular (joint) surfaces
Types of Skeletal muscle
Pennate
Quadrate
Circular
Fusiform
Flat (aponeurosis)
Attachment
Muscles attach to bone at
- origin
- insertions
Tendons
Attach muscle to bone
Non-contractile
Aponeurosis
Flattened tendon
Attach muscle to soft tissue
Associated with flat muscle
Muscle strain
Overstretched, torn or twisted muscle
Paralysis
A muscle without functioning motor nerve supply
Would have reduced tone
Spasticity
Muscle has functional motor nerve supply but descending controls from the brain aren’t working
Atrophy
Wasting of muscles through inactivity
Myocytes become smaller
