Joints Flashcards
What is a joint defined as
A joint is an articulation or union between two or more bones
How are joints classified
They are classified according to the degree of movement they provide (also differ in the type of material between adjoining bones)
What are the three classifications of Joints
Synarthrosis/Fiboruos
Amphiarthrosis/Cartilagenous
Diathrosis/Synovial
Charecteristics of Synarhtrosis/Fiborous Joints
Immovable
Fiborous
No Joint Cavity
Fiborous connective tissue between bones
Example Sutures between the bones of the skull
Charecteristics of Amphiarthrosis/Cartilagenous Joints
Slighlty Movable
No Joint Cavity
Mostly Cartilage used to join the bones together
Example: Pubic Symphysis (joint between pubic bone of the Pelvis)
Joints between the bodies of the Vertebrae
Charectreristics of Diarthrosis/Synovial Joints
Freely Movable
Bones in these joints have potential space between them known as Joint Cavity containing synovial fluid
Synovial fluid is a lubricant secreted by the membrane that lines the joint.
What movements occur at the Synovial Joints
Flexion - bending that decreases the angle between bones
Extension - Straightening motion that decreases the angle between bones
Abduction - movement away from the midline
Adduction - movement toward the midline of the body
inversion - movement of the plantar foot inwards toward the midline of the body
Eversion - movement of turninig the plantar foot outwards away from the midline of the body
Rotation - twisting or turning of the bone on its own axis (head turninig from side to side to say no
Supination - turning the palm to face upwards
Pronation - turnning the palm to face downward
What are the types of Synovial Joints
Gliding Joint
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball and socket
Gliding Joint
Flat bone surfaces slide over one another with little change in joint angle
Example Joints between the tarsal and carpal bones
Hinge Joint
Convex (curving outward) surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of another bone allowing movement in one direction
Allow flexion and extension only
Example: elbow joints and joints between the phalanges
Pivot Joint
Rounded or pointed portion of a bone fits into a ring in another
Allows rotation only
Condyloid Joint
Oval shape projection of one bone fits into oval shaped depression of another
Joint allows movement in two directions flexion and extension and abbduction and adduction
Saddle Joint
Like a condyloid but with deeper articulating surfaces and movement in three directions
Rotation Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
Example: joints between the wrist and the metacarpal
Ball and Socket Joint
Allows greatest range of Motion
permits movement in three directions around a central point, as in circumduction
Example: Shoulder Joint, Hip Joint
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