Joint Movement

Question 1

With reference to movement:

Describe a frontal (coronal) plane and name the corresponding axis of movement.

Answer 1

A frontal plane is a vertical plane which is at right angles to the sagittal plane. It divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
Frontal plane – sagittal axis

Question 2

Define the ‘normal end-feel’ of movement at a joint.
List two(2) different types of end-fee

Answer 2

Normal end feel is felt at the end of normal physiological movement with an elastic, slowly increasing resistance

Different end feels: bone on bone, apposition of soft tissue,

Question 3

Explain what the term ‘the loose packed positions of a joint’ means.

Answer 3

Where part of the joint capsule and ligament support is relaxed
The joint surfaces are not in a position of congruence
Where most accessory movement range is available

Question 4

Give the open packed position of the hip joint.

Answer 4

30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abduction, slight lateral rotation

Question 5

Explain the term ‘accessory movement”

Answer 5

Gliding and sliding movements that occur between joint surfaces that are produced by an external force i.e. a therapist, that cannot be performed by the person themselves.

Question 6

Briefly explain the term ‘active physiological’ movement

Answer 6

Movements between bones performed by the person themselves to create normal function. Movement is angular and described in terms of anatomical axis and planes

Question 7

Briefly describe ‘passive physiological’ movement

Answer 7

Movements at a joint brought about by movement of the limb/body part created by an external force but without any active muscle contraction.

Question 8

State Prime mover/Range.factors limiting range for

Hip Abduction

Answer 8

Gluteus Med/Min/TFL, 30-50 degs, Tension in adductor muscles, pubofemoral lig and medial band of iliofemoral lig

Question 9

State Prime mover/Range.factors limiting range for

Elbow Flexion

Answer 9

Brachialis (Biceps brachii, brachioradialis), 145 degs, Soft tissue apposition, tension in posterior capsule, tension in Triceps

Question 10

State Prime mover/Range.factors limiting range for

Lumbar Side Flexion

Answer 10

Ipsilateral External and internal Obliques, Quadratus lumborum, 15-20 degs Tension in atagonists, intratransverse ligts

Question 11

For the movements Hip Flex/Elbow flex and Lumbar side flex ; state the plane and axis of movement

Answer 11

Hip flexion – frontal plane, sagittal axis
Elbow flexion- sagittal plane, frontal axis
Lumbar side flexion- frontal plane, sagittal axis

Question 12

Briefly define the following terms

i. Superior ii Contralateral iii Lateral flexion

Answer 12

Superior-a structure that is positioned relatively more towards the head

ii. Contralateral- opposite side to the side being discussed
iii. Lateral flexion – leaning trunk toward one side

Question 13

Define the sagittal plane and axis

Answer 13

Sagittal plane – vertical plane which divides the body into two halves (left and right)
Sagittal axis – a single point on the sagittal plane at right angle to the frontal plane about which movement can occur.