Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PT Fundamentals > Joint Motion and Muscle Testing > Flashcards

Joint Motion and Muscle Testing Flashcards

1
Q

Osteokinematics (physiological)

A

directions the bones move when motion occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osteokinematic quick definition

A

visible motion during voluntary movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Osteokinematic technical definition

A

movement around a specific joint axis within a particular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of Osteokinematic

A

flex/ex
ab/ad
int/ext rot
horizontal abd/add

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Joint Planes in Osteokinematic motion

A

sagittal, frontal, transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Joint Axes in Osteokinematic motion

A

frontal, sagittal, longitudinal (vertical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Arthrokinematics (accessory motions or joint play)

A

motion between the joint surfaces during movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arhtrokinematics quick definition

A

invisible and involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Arthrokinematics (technical definition)

A

the motion that MUST occur within the joint to allow normal range of motion (osteokinematic) to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of Arthrokinematics

A

Roll (pool ball across the table)
Slide(glide) (sliding pool ball back and forth on table)
Spin (top on the table)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Roll Characteristics (4)

A

many point on many points
angular motion
always in same direction
always in combo w/ slide or spin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Slide Characteristics (3)

A

one point on many points
does not occur alone
direction of slide depends on convexity or concavity of moving surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

spin characteristics (3)

A

one point on one point
rotates around one axis
usually in combo with the others
EX: shoulder-flex/ex, rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Concave on Covex Rule

A

Artho and Osteo motion in the same direction

Tibia on Femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Convex on Concave Rule

A

Arthro and Osteo motion in opposite direction

Hip flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Joint Positions

A

open packed

closed packed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

open Packed

A

ligament and capsule in position of greatest laxity (maximally separated and minimal congruency)–good to assess joint play

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

close packed

A

Ligament and capsule are taut (maximal contact and congruency)—good for stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Typical Barriers and Range of Motion Terminology (in ascending order)

A

active range of motion, physiological barrier, passive range of motion, elastic barrier, anatomic barrier, injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

“End Feel”

A

sensation in joint at end of ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Normal End Feels (3)

A

bone to bone (hard)
soft tissue approximation (soft)
tissue stretch (hard springy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bone to Bone end feel example

A

elbow extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

soft-tissue end feel example

A

muscle contact with elbow or knee flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

tissue stretch example

A

shoulder rotation or knee extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Typical Causes of Joint Dysfunction (5)

A 
capsular adhesions
immobilization
traumatic sprains of joint capsule
internal derangements
unknown etiology (CAUTION)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Restrictive Barrier Concept Terminology

A

active motion, R1, resistance, R2 (restrictive barrier), motion loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Types of Restrictive Barriers

A

skin, fascia, muscle, ligament, joint capsule and surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

5 Abnormal end feels

A

capsular (hard and soft), Muscle Spasm (early and late), bone to bone, springy block (special type-Empty)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Capsular v Noncapsular restriction

A

Noncapsular–does not follow classic motion restriction (ligamentous adhesions, internal derangement, extra-articular lesions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Types of Motion Testing

A

AROM: Physiologic
PROM: Physiologic
Joint Play: Accessory
(AROM comes before PROM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Key Things to Assess in Motion Testing

A

Quality, Quantity, and Symptom Response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

AROM Involves…

A

joint range, motor control, muscle function, patients willingness

(testing for contractile, nervous, and inert)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Types of AROM progressions

A 
OP
Repeated movements
sustained postures
consider speed of movement
combined motions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

PROM invokves…

A

PT does the action
compare w/ opposite side
combines joint range and patients willingness

(testing for inert tissues)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When performing PROM…

A

allow patient to relax, stabilize limb, smooth and steady, ALWAYS monitor patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When to Stop in general

A 
Pain (when pain is the primary issue)
 or Limit (when stiffness more important than pain)
37
Q

Def of Goniometry

A

science of measuring angles

38
Q

Purpose of Goniometry

A

objective measure of motion

39
Q

Types of Postures

A 
Anatomical Position
Base Position (preferred by patient)
40
Q

Zero Starting Position

A

where movement from anatomical position can take place in either of two directions

41
Q

Fully Extended Starting Position

A

zero degree starting position where motion can take place in only one direction

42
Q

Special Neutral Position

A

starting positions for measurements of rotary movements (shoulder and hip rotation)

43
Q

Measurement Technique

A

Assess bilaterally

First and Second repetition

44
Q

Documentation of Motion

A 
active or passive
L or R
joint and direction of motion
motion achieved
any symptom changes
45
Q

Goniometer Reliability

A

+/- 5 degrees
(depends on joint, motion, and inter or intra rater)
(enhanced with stable position correct goniometer size, same evaluater)

46
Q

Two Key Components of Muscle Testing

A 
Length Testing (flexibility)
Strength Testing (MMT)
47
Q

Muscle Inbalance

A

faulty body/joint alignment
faulty joint mechanics
painful stress/strain (on joints, muscles, ligaments)

(a result of posture/occupation/recreation)

48
Q

Janda Classification

A 
Postural (tonic muscles) (primarily two joint)--prone to tightness (hamstrings, gastroc)
Phasic muscles (primarily one joint)---prone to weakness (gluteal, rhomboids)
49
Q

Crossed Syndromes (both tonic and phasic)

A

one diagonal-short/tight

other diagonal-weak/lengthened

50
Q

Lower Crossed Syndrome

A

Tight: hip flexor/back extensors
Weak: abs, glutes
(lordosis)

51
Q

JROM V Muscle ROM

A

limitations of joint

or limitation of muscle

52
Q

One-Joint Muscle Testing

A

J motion = muscle length

53
Q

two-joint muscle testing

A

j motion does not equal muscle length

must place one muscle at slack to test full joint ROM

54
Q

Passive Insufficiency

A

length of muscle is not sufficient to permit normal elongation over both joints simultaneously (if you cannot passively take them through full ROM unless one muscle is slack…then Passive ins)

55
Q

Active Insufficiency

A

inability of a two-joint muscle to generate an effective force (if you can take them through full passive range, but they cant contract through it then…active ins)

56
Q

Muscle Length Test is for…

A

passive insufficiency

57
Q

Passive Ins Example

A

Therapist can only take knee to full flexion when quads are slack

58
Q

Active Ins Example

A

Therapist can take knee through full flexion, but pt cannot actively do it

59
Q

Indications/Uses of MMT

A 
diagnosis of PNI
SCI level and potential recovery
Basis for treatment planning
basis for prognosis
progress tracking
med board standards
basis for supportive devices
basis for corrective surgery
60
Q

key knowledge needed for MMT

A 
Location/Anatomy/Function of muscles
Palpation skills
Observation skills
use of standardized methods (because frankly its not that reliable)
practice and experience
61
Q

Types of MMT

A

Gross-estimating function/screening

Specific-diagnosis

62
Q

MMT: Positioning

A

balance between PT comfort, exposure, and stabilization

gravity, axis, line of pull, type of muscle, stability, comfort

63
Q

MMT: Test Position

A

specific position of the body part being tested

64
Q

AROM optimal positions

A

single joint: end-range

two-joint: tested at mid-range

65
Q

MMT: Stabilization

A

External (table), Internal (muscles)

66
Q

MMT: Resistance

A

external force applied by examiner

consistently/gradually

67
Q

MMT: Palpation

A

near tendon attachment (screening and grades 0-3)

68
Q

MMT: Substitution

A

weakness, deviation from test movement, compensation

69
Q

MMT Grading System Qualitative

A 
0-nothing
1-trace
2-Poor
3-Fair
4-good
5-Normal
70
Q

Muscle Grading: 5

A

100%, hold position against strong resistance

71
Q

Muscle Grading: 4+

A

90%, hold against moderate to strong resis

72
Q

Muscle Grading: 4

A

75%, hold against moderate

73
Q

Muscle Grading: 4-

A

70%, hold against slight resis

74
Q

Muscle Grading: 3+

A

60%, Full ROM against gravity, hold end ROM against slight resis

75
Q

Muscle Grading: 3

A

full ROM against gravity, able to hold end ROM (no resis)

76
Q

Muscle Grading: 3-

A

40%, full ROM against gravity, unable to hold end ROM

77
Q

Muscle grading: 2+

A

30%, partial ROM against gravity, or full ROM in gravity minimized position and able to hold against some resis

78
Q

Muscle Grading: 2

A

full ROM in gravity minimized position

79
Q

Muscle Grading: 2-

A

partial ROM in gravity minimized position

80
Q

Muscle Grading: 1

A

10%, slight palpable contraction (no movement)

81
Q

Muscle Grading: 0

A

absolutely nothing

82
Q

Break Test (fair to normal)

A

1st Step: completed ROM against gravity
2nd Step: been placed within the ROM by examiner and held against gravity
3rd Step: examiner attempt to break them

83
Q

Methods for grading trace to poor (3)

A

gravity lessened, stretch range, palpation

84
Q

MMT Grades and Types of Exercise

A 
ZERO: PROM
Trace: AAROM
Poor: AAROM--AROM in GL--AAROM against G
Poor-Fair: AAROM--AROM against Gresis in GL
Fair to Normal: Resis against G
85
Q

MMT General Rules (10 out of 14)

A
  1. Expose the part to be tested
  2. give clear instructions
  3. Check AROM first
  4. Check PROM prior to MMT
  5. Line up part with fibers
  6. Provide proper stabilization
  7. place part in fair position and ask patient to hold (or ask for full AROM)
  8. Observe muscle or movement first
  9. Palpate the muscle or tendon being tested
  10. if able to complete range apply resistance
  11. Compare to normal side
  12. watch for signs of fatigue
  13. move patient as little as possible (organized)
  14. record, sign, date
86
Q

Increasing validity/reliability

A

standardized procedure, experience, anatomical knowledge, recognizing substitutions, and reasons for weakness

87
Q

MMT is Valid for:

A

normals, lower motor neuron lesions, muscle disorders

88
Q

MMT not valid for:

A

upper motor neuron disorders, interference by abnormal sensation, disturbed tone/motor control

89
Q

Factors Reducing Accuracy of MMT

A

Pain, limited joint ROM, Unhealed fractures, muscle synergy patterns/hypertonic spasticity

PT Fundamentals (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions