Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCMI > Joint Exam: Ankle/Foot Compentency > Flashcards

Joint Exam: Ankle/Foot Compentency Flashcards

1
Q

Which tests are performed regarding an inversion ankle sprain?

A

1) Anterior Drawer Test

2) Talar Tilt Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which tests are performed to evaluate a high ankle sprain?

A

1) Squeeze Test

2) Cross Leg Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the bony landmarks on the medial aspect of the ankle/foot.

A
  • First MTP (sesamoids)
  • Navicular
  • Cuneiform
  • Talar Head
  • Medial Malleolus
  • Deltoid Ligament
  • Medial Longitudinal Arch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the bony landmarks on the lateral aspect of the ankle/foot.

A
  • 5th MTP
  • 5th metatarsal w/ styloid process
  • cuboid
  • calcaneous
  • lateral malleolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you check the circulation of the ankle/foot?

A
  • Dorsalis pedis pulse (lateral to extensor hallucis tendon, 2-3 cuneiforms)
  • Posterior Tibial Pulse (posterior to medial malleolus)
  • Capillary refill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can you perform strength testing for the ankle/foot?

A
  • resistance added to AROM testing
  • toe walk
  • heel walk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can you perform neurologic testing for ankle/foot?

A

Sensation by:

  • monofilament test (pads of 1st and 4th digits) [plantar]
  • dermatomes (L4,L5,S1-medial to lateral)[dorsum]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which segments are involved during dorsiflexion?

A

L4,L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which segments are involved during plantarflexion?

A

S1,S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which segments are involved during inversion?

A

L4,L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which segments are involved during eversion?

A

L5,S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you perform the “Anterior Drawer Test”? What is regarded as a positive test?

A
  • tests Anterior Talofibular Ligament.
  • grasp calcaneous with 1 hand/ tib-fib with the other.
  • -move the calcaneous anterior, while stabilizing the tib-fib.

Positive test:
+Pain -indicative of a “sprain”
+gapping -indicative of a “tear”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you perform the “Talar Tilt” test?

A
  • Grasp calcaneous and tib/fib to isolate the talus.
  • gently invert
  • -evaluates “Calcaneofibular ligament” & “Anterior Talofibular”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you perform the “eversion test”?

A
  • Grasp midfoot & tib/fib to isolate the talus
  • -gently evert/pronate foot
  • –evaluates “Deltoid ligament”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the special tests regarding ankle/foot?

A
  • Squeeze Test
  • Thompson Test
  • Cross Leg Test
  • Homan’s Sign
  • Moses Sign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain the Squeeze Test.

A
  • squeeze tibia and fibula just proximal to ankle
  • -rapid release
  • –pain indicates a high ankle sprain or syndesmosis injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain the Cross Leg Test.

A
  • Cross affected leg onto opposite knee
  • -Positive = pain
  • –indicates high ankle sprain
18
Q

Explain the Thompson Test.

A
  • With patient’s prone, foot off the table, squeeze calf

- -Absence of plantarflexion of the foot indicates Achilles tendon rupture.

19
Q

Explain the Homan’s Sign.

A
  • Forcible dorsiflex foot with knee extended.
  • -pain can indicate deep vein thrombosis
  • –unilateral swelling and redness of calf increases suspicion for DVT.
20
Q

Explain the Moses Sign.

A
  • Pt supine/seated
  • -induce anterior compression of gastrocnemius
  • –positive test = pain with anterior compression
  • —more specific for posterior tibial vein DVT
21
Q

Explain some key points about “inversion ankle sprains”.

A
  • accounts for 80-85% of all ankle sprains
  • ankle inversion with plantarflexion
  • Ligaments involved:
  • anterior talofibular
  • calcaneofibular
  • posterior talofibular
  • swelling and ecchymosis over the involved area
  • both are more prevalent with increasing severity of injury
22
Q

Explain some key points involving a “high ankle sprain”.

A
  • accounts for 10% of sprains
  • eversion & rotation injury (and dorsiflexion)
  • pain commonly on the medial side
  • minimal swelling or ecchymosis
  • pain with weight bearing
  • most common in football and downhill skiing
  • ligaments involved:
  • anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
  • syndesmosis
23
Q

Explain “Plantar Fasciitis”.

A
  • inflammation of the origin of the plantar aponeurosis from stretching during walking/standing
  • worse with first steps, improves through day
  • point tenderness of calcaneous
  • no relationship to heel spurs
  • causes:
  • tight calf muscles
  • repetitive impact activities
  • high arches
  • obesity
  • new/change in activities
24
Q

Explain “Morton’s Neuroma”.

A
  • inflammation and thickening of the tissue that surrounds the nerve between the toes
    • most commonly between the 3rd and 4th toes
  • patient reports it feels “like they are walking on a marble”.
  • palpable in the web space replicating pain
25
Q

Explain “Turf Toe”.

A
  • inflammation and pain at base of 1st MTP.
  • causes by hyperextension of great toe causing damage to the joint capsule
  • severe cases can damage sesamoids and flexor tendon
  • common due to activities performed on hard surfaces
  • presents as pain and bruising at base of great toe
26
Q

Explain Achilles Tendonitis.

A
  • micro tears in the tendon causes swelling and thickening
  • non-insertion more common in young people
  • causes:
  • tight calf muscles
  • sudden change in activity
27
Q

Name the components of the medial longitudinal arch.

A
  • talus
  • navicular
  • cuneiforms 1-3
  • metatarsals 1-3
28
Q

Name the components of the lateral longitudinal arch.

A
  • calcaneus
  • cuboid
  • metatarsals 4-5
29
Q

What is the primary stabilizer of the medial ankle?

A

Deltoid ligament.

30
Q

Name the components of the transverse distal tarsal arch.

A
  • navicular
  • cuboid
  • cuneiforms 1-3
  • proximal metatarsals
31
Q

How do you perform the capillary refill? What is normal?

A

Compress digit between index and thumb to cause blanching; release pressure and note time to regain color.

Normal = 3 seconds or less.

32
Q

Degrees of dorsiflexion?

A

15-20

33
Q

Degrees of plantarflexion?

A

55-65

34
Q

Degrees of subtalar inversion?

A

20-30

35
Q

Degrees of subtalar eversion?

A

10-20

36
Q

Degree and movements involved with pronation?

A

5 degrees

dorsiflexion, ABduction, and eversion of calaneus

37
Q

Degrees and movements involved with supination?

A

20 degrees

plantarflexion, ADduction, and inversion of calcaneus

38
Q

Strength Testing: Dorsiflexors

  • innervation:
  • -segment(s)?
  • -nerve?
A

Primary = tibialis anterior
-deep peroneal nerve (L4,L5)

Extensor hallucis longus & extensor digitorum longus
-deep peroneal nerve (L5)

39
Q

Strength Testing: Plantarflexors

  • innervation:
  • -segment(s)?
  • -nerve?
A

Primary = gastrocnemius/soleus
-tibial nerve (S1,S2)

peroneus longus/brevis
-superficial peroneal nerve (L5)

flexor digitorum longus
-tibial nerve (L5)

tibialis posterior
-tibial nerve (L5)

40
Q

Strength Testing: Scaling?

A

0-no muscle contraction
1-flicker/trace of muscle contraction
2-active muscle movement with gravity eliminated
3-active muscle movement against gravity
4-active muscle movement against gravity/some resistance
5-active muscle movement against full resistance without evidence of fatigue-normal muscle strength

PCMI (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions